左旋甲基苯丙胺


左旋甲基苯丙胺 (levomethamphetamine)[note 1]又稱左旋甲基安非他命,是右旋甲基苯丙胺旋光異構體左旋甲基苯丙胺擬交感神經血管收縮劑,是一些非處方(OTC) 鼻腔去阻塞吸入劑英語nasal decongestant的活性成分[note 2]

左旋甲基苯丙胺
臨床資料
給藥途徑醫用 :吸入(鼻腔)
娛樂用 :口服 靜脈注射, insufflation,吸入 栓劑
法律規範狀態
法律規範
藥物動力學數據
藥物代謝肝臟
排泄途徑
識別資訊
  • (R)-N-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-2-amine
CAS號33817-09-3  checkY
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
CompTox Dashboard英語CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.046.974 編輯維基數據鏈接
化學資訊
化學式C10H15N
摩爾質量149.2
3D模型(JSmol英語JSmol
  • N([C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C)C
  • InChI=1S/C10H15N/c1-9(11-2)8-10-6-4-3-5-7-10/h3-7,9,11H,8H2,1-2H3/t9-/m1/s1 checkY
  • Key:MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-SECBINFHSA-N checkY

藥理學特性

左旋甲基苯丙胺可穿越血腦屏障並作為TAAR1激動劑英語TAAR1 agonist[3],也作為去甲腎上腺素釋放劑英語norepinephrine releasing agent (對多巴胺系統較無影響[4])。它跟右旋甲基苯丙胺一樣影響中樞神經系統,但作用方式不同[5]。不同於右旋甲基苯丙胺,它在低劑量沒有造成欣快成癮的特性[5][6][4]。在他的幾項生理作用中,血管收縮作用使其可用於去鼻腔阻塞噴劑[7]

左旋甲基苯丙胺的半衰期約為13.3至15小時,右旋甲基苯丙胺則為10.5小時[8]

參見

注釋

  1. ^ 其他名字包含l-methamphetamine, levodesoxyephedrine, l-desoxyephedrine, levmetamfetamine (INN and USAN).
  2. ^ The active ingredient in some OTC inhalers in the United States is listed as levmetamfetamine, the INN and USAN of levomethamphetamine.[1][2]

參考資料

  1. ^ CFR TITLE 21: DRUGS FOR HUMAN USE: PART 341 -- COLD, COUGH, ALLERGY, BRONCHODILATOR, AND ANTIASTHMATIC DRUG PRODUCTS FOR OVER-THE-COUNTER HUMAN USE. United States Food and Drug Administration. April 2015 [7 March 2016]. (原始內容存檔於2019-12-25). Topical nasal decongestants --(i) For products containing levmetamfetamine identified in 341.20(b)(1) when used in an inhalant dosage form. The product delivers in each 800 milliliters of air 0.04 to 0.150 milligrams of levmetamfetamine. 
  2. ^ Levomethamphetamine. Pubchem Compound. National Center for Biotechnology Information. [2 January 2014]. (原始內容存檔於2014-10-06). 
  3. ^ Levmetamfetamine. PubChem Compound. NCBI. [17 October 2014]. (原始內容存檔於2014-10-18). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Kuczenski, R; Segal, DS; Cho, AK; Melega, W. Hippocampus norepinephrine, caudate dopamine and serotonin, and behavioral responses to the stereoisomers of amphetamine and methamphetamine. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. February 1995, 15 (2): 1308–17. PMID 7869099. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Melega, WP; Cho, AK; Schmitz, D; Kuczenski, R; Segal, DS. l-methamphetamine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for assessment of in vivo deprenyl-derived l-methamphetamine. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. February 1999, 288 (2): 752–8. PMID 9918585. 
  6. ^ Mendelson J, Uemura N, Harris D, Nath RP, Fernandez E, Jacob P, Everhart ET, Jones RT. Human pharmacology of the methamphetamine stereoisomers. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. October 2006, 80 (4): 403–20. PMID 17015058. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2006.06.013. 
  7. ^ {{cite web | author=Pray SW | title=Nonprescription Products to Avoid With Hypertension | work=uspharmacist.com | accessdate=17 October 2014 | url=http://www.uspharmacist.com/content/d/consult_your_pharmacist/c/19370/頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) | quote=Topical Nasal Decongestants
  8. ^ Mendelson J, Uemura N, Harris D, et al. Human pharmacology of the methamphetamine stereoisomers. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. October 2006, 80 (4): 403–20. PMID 17015058. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2006.06.013.