奧維達
奧維達（Ouida /ˈwiːdə/；1839年1月1日—1908年1月25日[1]），或譯薇達，原名瑪利亞·露易絲·拉梅（Maria Louise Ramé，她本人傾向使用Marie Louise de la Ramée），是一名英國小說家，以筆名「奧維達」知名。她創作出像是《弗蘭德斯的狗》等四十多部小說和大量的短片故事、散文。她的小說十分暢銷，稿費頗豐，因此生活也十分奢靡，經常在倫敦的豪華酒店裡舉辦沙龍，最終她的財富被她揮霍一空，去世後留下大筆的債務。
| Maria Louise Ramé | |
|---|---|
.jpg) 1867–1871年間攝 | |
| 出生 | 1839年1月1日 英格蘭聖埃德蒙茲伯里 |
| 逝世 | 1908年1月25日（69歲） 意大利維亞雷焦 |
| 筆名 | Ouida |
| 職業 | 小說家 |
| 簽名 |  |
生平
奧維達出生於聖埃德蒙茲伯里[2]，她的母親蘇珊·薩頓是一個葡萄酒商之女[3]，而父親是法國人[2][4]。其筆名來自她的中間名「Louise」[5]。
1863年，奧維達出版第一部小說《Held in Bondage》[5]。她主要在倫敦進行創作，曾在朗豪酒店舉辦沙龍[6]。1871年左右，奧維達移居意大利，1874年她和母親在佛羅倫薩定居。1908年1月25日，奧維達因肺炎在維亞雷焦去世，安葬在巴尼-迪盧卡。
作品
| 年份 | 名稱 | 注釋 |
|---|---|---|
| 1863 | Held in Bondage | 原名《Granville de Vigne》 |
| 1865 | Strathmore | |
| 1866 | Chandos | |
| 1867 | Cecil Castlemaine's Gage | |
| 1867 | Idalia | |
| 1867 | Under Two Flags | 後被多次改編為電影 |
| 1868 | Randolph Gordon and Other Stories | |
| 1868 | Beatrice Boville and Other Stories | |
| 1869 | Tricotrin | |
| 1870 | Puck | |
| 1871 | Folle-Farine | |
| 1872 | A Leaf in the Storm, and other stories | 包括：A Leaf in the Storm, A Provance Rose, A Dog of Flanders, and A branch of Lilac |
| 1872 | 《弗蘭德斯的狗》 | 多次改編為電影 |
| 1874 | Pascarel | |
| 1874 | Two Little Wooden Shoes | 也曾以《Bébée》的名字出版 |
| 1875 | Signa | |
| 1876 | In a Winter City | |
| 1877 | Ariadne | |
| 1878 | Friendship | |
| 1880 | Moths | |
| 1880 | Pipistrello and Other Stories | |
| 1881 | A Village Commune | |
| 1882 | Bimbi: Stories for Children | |
| 1882 | In Maremma | |
| 1883 | Afternoon | |
| 1883 | Frescoes: Dramatic Sketches | |
| 1883 | Wanda | |
| 1884 | Princess Napraxine | |
| 1885 | A Rainy June | |
| 1885 | Othmar | |
| 1886 | Don Guesaldo | |
| 1887 | A House Party | |
| 1889 | Guilderoy | |
| 1890 | Ruffino and Other Stories | |
| 1890 | Syrlin | |
| 1891 | Santa Barbara and Other Stories | |
| 1892 | The Tower of Taddeo | |
| 1893 | The New Priesthood: A Protest Against Vivisection | |
| 1894 | The Silver Christ | |
| 1894 | The Silver Christ and A Lemon Tree | |
| 1894 | Two Offenders and Other Tales | |
| 1895 | The Nürnberg Stove | |
| 1895 | Toxin | |
| 1895 | Views and Opinions | |
| 1896 | Le Selve and Other Tales | |
| 1897 | An Altruist | |
| 1897 | Dogs | |
| 1897 | Muriella; or, Le Selve | |
| 1897 | The Massarenes | |
| 1899 | La Strega and Other Stories | |
| 1900 | Critical Studies | |
| 1900 | The Waters of Edera | |
| 1901 | Street Dust and Other Stories | |
| 1908 | Helianthus | |
| 1910 | Moufflou and other stories |
參考文獻
- ^ Encyclopedia, Britannica. Ouida.. [15 January 2008]. （原始內容存檔於2008-05-15）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 "Maria Louise Rame" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, birth record, Bury St. Edmunds, FreeBMD, accessed 14 September 2019. Note: Does not include any information about parents.
- ^ Schroeder, Natalie, and Shari Hodges Holt (2008). Ouida the Phenomenon: Evolving Social, Political, and Gender Concerns in her Fiction. Newark: University of Delaware Press. p. 14. ISBN 9780874130331.
- ^ The New York Times （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, 29 January 1908. Note: Ouida was identified as the sister of the US Civil War officer, Col. George Roy Gliddoth. She was said to have "left her home in America at a tender age under the care of a woman who adopted her as her daughter." Another article about her supposed Gliddoth family was reported in Publishers Weekly at the same time.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Cosmopolis History of The Langham. [20 October 2010].
- ^ Ouida. Guide to The Langham Hotel. langhamhotels.com. [20 October 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2009-05-03）.
- Ouida and Victorian Popular Culture （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） (1st Edition), Andrew King (Edited by Jane Jordan), pub. Routledge
外部連結
- Ouida的作品 - 古騰堡計劃
- 互聯網檔案館中奧維達的作品或與之相關的作品
來自奧維達的LibriVox公共領域有聲讀物- Works by Ouida （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） at The Victorian Women Writers Project
- 与奥维达相关的档案. 英國國家檔案館.
- Book description of In Maremma (1882) at Valancourt Books
- Charles Warren Stoddard, "Ouida in Her Winter City", National Magazine, March 1905, p. 653, with photos, at OpenBooks
- Willis J. Abbot: Notable women in history : the lives of women who in all ages, all lands and in all womanly occupations have won fame and put their imprint on the world's history (1913), p. 407–410.
- Ouida Similes （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Bartleby
