阿拉伯联合酋长国宗教

伊斯兰教阿拉伯联合酋长国所有酋长国的官方宗教,穆斯林占阿联酋74%的人口,主要的教派为逊尼派。[2]其他宗教包括基督宗教佛教印度教犹太教锡克教,信徒主要是阿联酋的外籍人士。[3]

阿拉伯联合酋长国的宗教 (2020)[1]

  伊斯兰教(74.5%)
  基督宗教(12.9%)
  其他(12.6%)

伊斯兰教

阿联酋逊尼派穆斯林比什叶派穆斯林多,伊斯玛仪派(Ismaili Shias)和阿赫迈底亚穆斯林(Ahmadi Muslims)的人数较少。[2] 阿联酋的司法制度源于大陆法系伊斯兰教法。法院系统由民事法庭和伊斯兰教法庭组成。据“人权观察组织”报导,阿联酋的刑事和民事法院将伊斯兰教法纳入其刑法典和家庭法中,被视为是歧视妇女的法律。[4]阿联酋的伊斯兰教法拥有相当的权力。

如果犯了刑事罪行,如通奸,婚前性行为和饮酒,会受到鞭刑惩罚。[5][6][7][8][9]2007至2013年间,阿联酋许多人被判处100下鞭刑。[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]

阿布扎比,有案例公开接吻而被判处80下鞭刑。[18]在阿布扎比和阿吉曼有几个穆斯林因购买酒精饮料而被判80下鞭刑。[19][20] 2006年,一名爱沙尼亚人因醉酒而被判40下鞭刑。[21]有案例因非法性行为被判处60鞭刑。[22][23][24] [25]

根据阿联酋的伊斯兰法,婚前性行为会被判100下鞭刑。[26]在阿联酋,石刑是一种法律上的惩罚。2006年,一名外籍人士因通奸罪被判死刑。[27]2009年至2013年间,有数人被判处石刑。[13][28][29]伊斯兰教法规定了婚姻和子女监护等事项的家庭法。伊斯兰教法的家庭法适用于穆斯林,有时也适用于非穆斯林。[30]非穆斯林侨民可以决定是否要伊斯兰法对婚姻和子女监护权的裁决。[30] 伊斯兰教法庭对家庭法案件拥有专属管辖权,并对通奸,婚前性行为,抢劫和有关罪行等一些刑事案件具有管辖权。阿联酋穆斯林公民叛教会被判处死刑。[31][32]

阿拉伯联合酋长国在其“刑法典”中纳入了伊斯兰教法有组织的犯罪,而叛教是其中之一。[33]在公共场合接吻是触犯法律的,并可能导致被驱逐出境[34]同性恋在阿联酋是非法的,会被判死罪。[35][36]

阿布扎比“刑法典”第80条规定,鸡奸罪最高可判处14年监禁,“迪拜刑法”第177条对自愿鸡奸者判处10年监禁。[37]斋戒月期间,在太阳下山前公开进食,饮酒或吸烟是非法的行为[38],但孕妇和儿童不再此限。此法律适用于穆斯林和非穆斯林,[38]不遵守可能会遭到逮捕。[39]

在公共空间跳舞在阿联酋属于非法行为。[40][41][42]

基督宗教

阿联酋的基督徒大都属于新教罗马天主教,该国至少有33个基督教堂。[3]公立学校没有基督宗教的宗教教育。[43]许多阿拉伯联合酋长国的基督徒都是亚裔[44]

犹太教

印度教、锡克教和耆那教

阿联酋的印度教耆那教为在阿联酋居住的印度裔(信德人)所信仰。为了感谢印度商人对迪拜贸易港口的早期发展所作的贡献,阿拉伯联合大公国前副总统兼总理拉希德·本·赛义德·阿勒马克图姆(Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum)批准在杜拜 Bur Dubai区建造一座印度教寺庙,此外,迪拜也有锡克教寺庙。

佛教

迪拜的加尔忽德区,有一座佛教寺庙。

无宗教

参见

参考注释

  1. ^ United Arab Emirates International Religious Freedom Report. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. [2011-01-12]. (原始内容存档于2011-01-04). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 The World Factbook. CIA. [2017-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-26). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 United Arab Emirates. State.gov. [2010-11-24]. (原始内容存档于2009-10-31). 
  4. ^ Human Rights Watch warns expat women about the UAE. [2017-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2016-01-15). 
  5. ^ Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2008. Jeffrey T. Bergner: 2203. [2017-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2023-02-20). 
  6. ^ Torture and flogging. Fanack. (原始内容存档于9 August 2014). UAE Sharia courts sentence to flogging persons found guilty of drug use, adultery, and prostitution in all emirates except Dubai. 
  7. ^ U.N. Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice: United Arab Emirates. Human Rights Voices. [2017-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-11). 
  8. ^ Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2007: 2092. 
  9. ^ UAE: Judicial corporal punishment by flogging. World Corporal Punishment Research. [2017-12-13]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-10). 
  10. ^ Pregnant maid to get 100 lashes after being found guilty of illegal affair. 7daysindubai.com. 9 October 2013. (原始内容存档于2014年10月6日). 
  11. ^ Teenager to be lashed for adultery. Gulf Daily News. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-06). 
  12. ^ Illicit lovers sentenced to 100 lashes each. Gulf News. 15 November 2010 [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2013-10-18). 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Two women sentenced to death for adultery. Khaleej Times. 25 September 2013 [2020-09-21]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-06). 
  14. ^ Prison for couple who conceived outside of wedlock. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-29). KA, 19, Emirati, was sentenced to six months in prison. Her would-be husband, AM, Omani, was sentenced to 100 lashes and one year in prison. 
  15. ^ Adulterer to be lashed, jailed in Sharjah. Gulf News. 9 May 2010 [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2013-10-17). 
  16. ^ UAE – Amnesty International 2007. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2008-10-17). In June, in the Emirate of Fujairah, a Shari'a (Islamic) court imposed a sentence of death by stoning on Shahin 'Abdul Rahman, a Bangladeshi national, after convicting him of adultery with Asma Bikham Bijam, a migrant domestic worker, who was sentenced to receive a flogging of 100 lashes and to be imprisoned for one year. 
  17. ^ DUBAI: Alleged victim of gang rape sentenced to one year in prison. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-08-21). At that point, she was facing a penalty for extramarital sex, which is 100 lashes and a minimum of three years in prison. 
  18. ^ Couple deny kissing on Abu Dhabi Corniche. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-29). A man jailed and sentenced to 80 lashes for drunkenly kissing his girlfriend on the Corniche. 
  19. ^ Man to get 80 lashes for drinking alcohol in Ajman. Gulf News. 19 February 2010 [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2010-05-05). 
  20. ^ Man appeals 80 lashes for drinking alcohol in Abu Dhabi. The National. 9 August 2012 [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-29). 
  21. ^ Al Jandaly, Bassma. Estonian soldier to be lashed. Gulf News. 16 April 2006 [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2014-11-29). 
  22. ^ Girl to receive 60 lashes for illicit sex. Gulf News. 20 June 2007 [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2014-11-29). 
  23. ^ Two sex workers are sentenced to lashes. Khaleej Times. 3 July 2006 [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2010-09-22). 
  24. ^ Indian lover in UAE sentenced to 60 lashes. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2016-01-15). 
  25. ^ VI. Charges and Penalties against Domestic Workers. Human Rights Watch. 2014 [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-05). 
  26. ^ Woman denies affair after hearing she faces stoning. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-29). Under the same law, premarital sex is punishable by 100 lashes. 
  27. ^ UAE: Death by stoning/ flogging. Amnesty International. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-06). 
  28. ^ Man faces stoning in UAE for incest. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-08-21). 
  29. ^ Woman denies affair after hearing she faces stoning. The National. 29 July 2009 [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-29). 
  30. ^ 30.0 30.1 Britons 'liable to Sharia divorces' in UAE. BBC. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-12). 
  31. ^ Atheists face death in 13 countries, global discrimination: study. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-26). 
  32. ^ The International Briefing: Persecution of Atheists and Apostates. (原始内容存档于2015-04-28). 
  33. ^ Butti Sultan Butti Ali Al-Muhairi. The Islamisation of Laws in the UAE: The Case of the Penal Code. Arab Law Quarterly. 1996, 11 (4): 350–371. JSTOR 3381546. 
  34. ^ Public kissing can lead to deportation. The National. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-27). 
  35. ^ United Arab Emirates. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-23). Facts as drug trafficking, homosexual behaviour, and apostasy are liable to capital punishment. 
  36. ^ Man Accused of 'Gay Handshake' Stands Trial in Dubai. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-30). 
  37. ^ Federal criminal statute In UAE. Sodomylaws.Org. (原始内容存档于14 June 2006). 
  38. ^ 38.0 38.1 Sharia law and Westerners in Dubai: should non-Muslims in UAE be made to face Islamic justice?. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-12). 
  39. ^ Riazat Butt. Britons warned to respect Ramadan while holidaying in Dubai. The Guardian (London, UK). 31 July 2011 [2017-12-14]. OCLC 60623878. (原始内容存档于2021-03-09). 
  40. ^ Criminal Law of Dubai. lawyersuae.com. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-06). 
  41. ^ Dubai bans shisha tobacco smoking, dancing and holding hands. Al-Shorfa. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2014-12-19). 
  42. ^ No dancing in public: Dubai. Arab News. [2017-12-14]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-25). 
  43. ^ John Pike. United Arab Emirates-Religion. Globalsecurity.org. 2006-04-17 [2010-11-24]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-15). 
  44. ^ Groeiende en vitale kerk in Arabische Golf - Nieuws - Reformatorisch Dagblad. Refdag.nl. [2010-11-24]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-12).