质量控制

品质管制（英语：quality control，缩写为 QC）是品质管理的一部分，致力于满足品质要求。^[1]中华人民共和国的中国全国科学技术名词审定委员会对质量控制的一种定义为：“为使客户确信某一物品或服务的品质满足规定之要求而必须进行的有计画的系统化活动。”^[2]。

品质管制是透过专业技术和管理技术对产品制造的过程加以控制，以达到产品的固有特性满足客户、法律、法规等方面所提出的品质要求（如适用性、安全性等）。品质管制贯穿在产品制造和整体运行的全过程^[3]。

常见品质工具


工具	首次提出	简介
统计品质管制（英语：Statistical quality control） (SQC)	1930s	借由统计方式或分析图表提供品质改善依据。^[4]
全面品质管制 (TQC)	1956	起源于美国国防部的品质管理手法，用于推动持续改善。以组织全员参与为基础的品质管理方式。^[5] ^[6]
统计制程管制 (SPC)	1960s	借由管制图即时确认产品品质状态，以达到立即改善及降低损失的工具。
Company-wide quality control (CWQC)	1968	日式TQC ^[6]
全面品质管理 (TQM)	1985	日本将TQC手法加以衍生，也称为日式TQC。^[7]
六标准差 (6σ)	1986	起源于Motorola，用于经营策略统计品质管制。^[8]

参考文献

^ 《GB/T 19000-2008/ISO 9000:2005 中华人民共和国国家标准质量管理体系基础和术语》 3.2.10
^ 全国科学技术名词审定委员会^{[永久失效链接]}
^ 中国建设监理协会. 《建设工程质量控制(2010)》 (M) 1. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社. 2003: 5. ISBN 978-7-112-05534-0.
^ Juran, Joseph M. (编), A History of Managing for Quality: The Evolution, Trends, and Future Directions of Managing for Quality, Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The American Society for Quality Control, 1995, ISBN 9780873893411, OCLC 32394752
^ Feigenbaum, Armand V. Total Quality Control. Harvard Business Review (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press). 1956, 34 (6): 93–101. ISSN 0017-8012. OCLC 1751795.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Ishikawa, Kaoru, What Is Total Quality Control? The Japanese Way 1, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall: 90–91, 1985, ISBN 978-0-13-952433-2, OCLC 11467749
^ Evans, James R.; Lindsay, William M., The Management and Control of Quality 4, Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Publications: 118, 1999, ISBN 9780538882422, OCLC 38475486, The term total quality management, or TQM, has been commonly used to denote the system of managing for total quality. (The term TQM was actually developed within the Department of Defense. It has since been renamed Total Quality Leadership, since leadership outranks management in military thought.)
^ What Is Six Sigma? (PDF). http://www.motorolasolutions.com. Schaumburg, Illinois: Motorola University: 2. 2010-02-19 [2013-11-24]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-12-03）. When practiced as a management system, Six Sigma is a high performance system for executing business strategy. 外部链接存在于|website= (帮助)

[1] 《GB/T 19000-2008/ISO 9000:2005 中华人民共和国国家标准质量管理体系基础和术语》 3.2.10

[2] 全国科学技术名词审定委员会^{[永久失效链接]}

[3] 中国建设监理协会. 《建设工程质量控制(2010)》 (M) 1. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社. 2003: 5. ISBN 978-7-112-05534-0.

[Juran-4] Juran, Joseph M. (编), A History of Managing for Quality: The Evolution, Trends, and Future Directions of Managing for Quality, Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The American Society for Quality Control, 1995, ISBN 9780873893411, OCLC 32394752

[5] Feigenbaum, Armand V. Total Quality Control. Harvard Business Review (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press). 1956, 34 (6): 93–101. ISSN 0017-8012. OCLC 1751795.

[Ishikawa-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Ishikawa, Kaoru, What Is Total Quality Control? The Japanese Way 1, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall: 90–91, 1985, ISBN 978-0-13-952433-2, OCLC 11467749

[7] Evans, James R.; Lindsay, William M., The Management and Control of Quality 4, Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Publications: 118, 1999, ISBN 9780538882422, OCLC 38475486, The term total quality management, or TQM, has been commonly used to denote the system of managing for total quality. (The term TQM was actually developed within the Department of Defense. It has since been renamed Total Quality Leadership, since leadership outranks management in military thought.)

[8] What Is Six Sigma? (PDF). http://www.motorolasolutions.com. Schaumburg, Illinois: Motorola University: 2. 2010-02-19 [2013-11-24]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-12-03）. When practiced as a management system, Six Sigma is a high performance system for executing business strategy. 外部链接存在于|website= (帮助)

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