细胞程式死亡-配体1

细胞程式死亡-配体1
已知的结构
PDB	直系同源搜索: PDBe RCSB
PDBID列表
	3BIK、3BIS、3FN3、3SBW、4Z18、4ZQK、5C3T、5J89、5J8O
识别号
别名	CD274；, B7-H, B7H1, PD-L1, PDCD1L1, PDCD1LG1, PDL1, CD274 molecule, Programmed cell death ligand 1, hPD-L1
外部ID	OMIM：605402 MGI：1926446 HomoloGene：8560 GeneCards：CD274
为以下药物的标靶
	度伐鲁单抗
基因位置（人类）
染色体	9号染色体
终止	5,470,566 bp
基因位置（小鼠）
染色体	小鼠19号染色体
终止	29,365,495 bp
基因本体
分子功能	• 血浆蛋白结合;
细胞组分	• integral component of membrane; • 膜; • cell surface; • 外排体; • external side of plasma membrane; • 内膜系统; • 细胞膜; • early endosome membrane; • recycling endosome membrane; • 核内体;
生物学过程	• negative regulation of interleukin-10 production; • response to cytokine; • negative regulation of interferon-gamma production; • negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production; • positive regulation of cell migration; • T cell costimulation; • toxin transport; • negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation; • regulation of activated T cell proliferation; • cell surface receptor signaling pathway; • negative regulation of T cell proliferation; • regulation of T cell apoptotic process; • 免疫反应; • positive regulation of T cell proliferation; • 讯息传递; • regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process; • positive regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process; • positive regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell; • negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation; • immune system process; • negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation; • cellular response to lipopolysaccharide; • 适应性免疫;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
	29126
	60533
	ENSG00000120217
	ENSMUSG00000016496
	Q9NZQ7
	Q9EP73
	NM_001314029; NM_001267706; NM_014143
	NM_021893
	NP_001254635; NP_001300958; NP_054862
	NP_068693
	维基数据
查看/编辑人类	查看/编辑小鼠

细胞程式死亡-配体1（英语：Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1，PD-L1）也称为表面抗原分化簇274（cluster of differentiation 274，CD274）或B7同源体1（B7 homolog 1，B7-H1），是人类体内的一种蛋白质，由CD274基因编码。^[6]

PD-L1是大小为40k道尔顿的第一型跨膜蛋白，据信其在某些特殊情形（例如怀孕、组织移植、自体免疫疾病，以及诸如肝炎等某些疾病）下，免疫系统的抑制有关。正常情形下免疫系统会对聚集在淋巴结或脾脏的外来抗原产生反应，促发具抗原特异性的细胞毒性T细胞（CD8+ T细胞）增殖。而细胞程式死亡受体-1（PD-1）与细胞程式死亡-配体1（PD-L1）结合，可以传导抑制性的信号，减低淋巴结CD8+ T细胞的增生，而且PD-1还可以借由调节Bcl-2基因，控制淋巴结中抗原特异性T细胞的聚积。^[7]

目前发现PD-L1表现的增加可能使癌症逃避宿主免疫系统。在来自肾细胞癌患者的196份肿瘤标本进行的分析发现，PD-L1的表现增加与肿瘤侵袭性增加和死亡风险增加4.5倍有关^[8]。目前许多PD-L1抑制剂正在作为免疫肿瘤疗法发展中，并在临床试验中显示出良好的效果^[9]。临床上可用的例子包括Durvalumab，atezolizumab和avelumab。^[10]在正常组织中，STAT3和NF-κB等转录因子之间的反馈会限制免疫反应，从而保护宿主组织并限制发炎症状。在癌症中，转录因子之间反馈限制的丧失会导致局部PD-L1表达增加，这可能会限制针对PD-L1药物的全身治疗有效性。^[11]

参考资料

^ 對細胞程式死亡-配體1起作用的藥物；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000120217 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000016496 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Entrez Gene: CD274 CD274 molecule.
^ Chemnitz JM, Parry RV, Nichols KE, June CH, Riley JL. SHP-1 and SHP-2 associate with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif of programmed death 1 upon primary human T cell stimulation, but only receptor ligation prevents T cell activation. Journal of Immunology. July 2004, 173 (2): 945–54. PMID 15240681.
^ Dranoff, Glenn. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Costimulatory B7-H1 in renal cell carcinoma patients: Indicator of tumor aggressiveness and potential therapeutic target.. F1000 - Post-publication peer review of the biomedical literature. 2004-12-09 [2019-12-21].
^ Association Between Clinicopathological Features and Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Anticancer Research. 2018-01-20, 38 (2). ISSN 0250-7005. doi:10.21873/anticanres.12326.
^ American Cancer Society | Information and Resources about for Cancer: Breast, Colon, Lung, Prostate, Skin. www.cancer.org. [2019-12-21]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-03）（英语）.
^ Spiros, A. Vlahopoulos. Aberrant control of NF-κB in cancer permits transcriptional and phenotypic plasticity, to curtail dependence on host tissue: molecular mode. Cancer Biology & Medicine. 2017, 14 (3): 254. ISSN 2095-3941. doi:10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2017.0029.

外部链接

医学主题词表（MeSH）：CD274+protein,+human

免疫疗法﹕Anti PD1 和Anti PD-L1

[1] 對細胞程式死亡-配體1起作用的藥物；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000120217 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000016496 - Ensembl, May 2017

[4] Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[5] Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[6] Entrez Gene: CD274 CD274 molecule.

[pmid15240681-7] Chemnitz JM, Parry RV, Nichols KE, June CH, Riley JL. SHP-1 and SHP-2 associate with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif of programmed death 1 upon primary human T cell stimulation, but only receptor ligation prevents T cell activation. Journal of Immunology. July 2004, 173 (2): 945–54. PMID 15240681.

[8] Dranoff, Glenn. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Costimulatory B7-H1 in renal cell carcinoma patients: Indicator of tumor aggressiveness and potential therapeutic target.. F1000 - Post-publication peer review of the biomedical literature. 2004-12-09 [2019-12-21].

[9] Association Between Clinicopathological Features and Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Anticancer Research. 2018-01-20, 38 (2). ISSN 0250-7005. doi:10.21873/anticanres.12326.

[10] American Cancer Society | Information and Resources about for Cancer: Breast, Colon, Lung, Prostate, Skin. www.cancer.org. [2019-12-21]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-03）（英语）.

[11] Spiros, A. Vlahopoulos. Aberrant control of NF-κB in cancer permits transcriptional and phenotypic plasticity, to curtail dependence on host tissue: molecular mode. Cancer Biology & Medicine. 2017, 14 (3): 254. ISSN 2095-3941. doi:10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2017.0029.

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