纽姆记谱法

纽姆记谱法或称纽姆谱，是以“纽姆”为基本元素的记谱方式。纽姆“Neuma”源于希腊语“νεύμα neûma”意为记号、点头或举手示意的动作，二说源自“πνεύμα”意为气息，又或“νόμος”意为旋律。纽姆谱是一种早期的记谱法用于记录额我略圣咏，大约形成于9世纪，并且于10世纪发展出四线谱，到了12世纪，发展出标记音符时间长短的方法。

额我略圣咏垂怜曲的现代四线纽姆记谱。

相关文献

• Graduale triplex (1979). Tournai: Desclée& Socii. ISBN 2-85274-094-X, a special edition of the Graduale Romanum with chant notation in three forms, one above the other, for easy comparison: Laon, St. Gall, and square note
• Liber usualis (1953). Tournai: Desclée& Socii.
• Paléographie musicale, ISBN 2-85274-219-5, facsimiles of early adiastamatic chant manuscripts
• Apel, Willi. Gregorian Chant. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. 1990. ISBN 0-253-20601-4. 
• Constantin Floros, "Universale Neumenkunde" (Universal Theory of Neumes); three-volume covering all major styles and schools of neumatic musical notation in three major divisions: Byzantine, Gregorian and Slavic.* Hiley, David (1990). Chant. In Performance Practice: Music before 1600, Howard Mayer Brown and Stanley Sadie, eds., pp. 37-54. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-02807-0
• Hiley, David. Western Plainchant: A Handbook. Clarendon Press. 1995. ISBN 0-19-816572-2. 
• Mahrt, William P. (2000). Chant. In A Performer's Guide to Medieval Music, Ross Duffin, ed., pp. 1-22. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33752-6
• McKinnon, James, ed. Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Prentice Hall. 1990. ISBN 0-13-036153-4. 
• Wagner, Peter. (1911) Einführung in die Gregorianischen Melodien. Ein Handbuch der Choralwissenschaft. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel.
• Wilson, David. Music of the Middle Ages. Schirmer Books. 1990. ISBN 0-02-872951-X. 

外部链接

• Solesmes Abbey （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• The Intonation of the Eight Tones （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Byzantine notation