癫痫发作

脑神经疾病

癫痫发作epileptic seizureepileptic fit;有时在文献或新闻简称 seizurefit)是脑内异常“过度或同步”的神经元活动,而导致一段时间的症状[1][2]。这种脑内异常的外溢效应(outward effect)可以是无法自行控制的混乱运动,也可以是短暂的失去意识。任何能引起癫痫发作的脑部疾病或损伤,统称癫痫(epilepsy)或癫痫症[2][1]

癫痫发作
Epileptic seizure
又称Epileptic fit, seizure, fit
儿童失神性癫痫英语childhood absence epilepsy患者的脑电波释放出的3赫兹棘徐波英语Spike-and-wave
分类和外部资源
医学专科神经内科
ICD-10G40、​P90、​R56
DiseasesDB19011
MedlinePlus003200
eMedicine1184846、​1609294
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

癫痫发作可能发生在没有癫痫历史的人身上。危险因子包括:脑部创伤、滥用药物[3]、过高体温、低血糖缺氧。另外有一些看起来像癫痫发作的症状,但实际上并非真的癫痫发作。

首次出现的癫痫发作通常不需要长时间服用抗癫痫药英语anti-seizure medication,除非出现特定问题或要照脑电图脑部造影(brain imaging)[4]

所有活到80岁的人之中大约 5~10%,在其人生中至少遇过一次癫痫发作,遇到第二次癫痫发作的机率介于 40~50% 之间 [4][5]

征状和症状

     参见:癫痫类型

癫痫发作的征状和症状依照其类型而定[6]。 最常见的癫痫发作是惊厥 (60%)[7]

备注

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Fisher RS, Acevedo C, Arzimanoglou A, et al. ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy. Epilepsia. April 2014, 55 (4): 475–482. PMID 24730690. S2CID 35958237. doi:10.1111/epi.12550. (原始内容存档于2020-07-31). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Fisher R, van Emde Boas W, Blume W, et al. Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). Epilepsia. 2005, 46 (4): 470–2 [2021-10-08]. PMID 15816939. doi:10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x. (原始内容存档于2021-10-20) (英语). 
  3. ^ Revesz, Rachael. Pet dog 'ate crack' then killed owner in front of BBC crew filming drug documentary: Major was found to be eight times over the drug drive limit. 独立报. 2017-09-12 [2017-11-19]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-10) (英语). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Wilden, JA; Cohen-Gadol, AA. Evaluation of first nonfebrile seizures.. American family physician. Aug 15, 2012, 86 (4): 334–40. PMID 22963022. 
  5. ^ Berg, AT. Risk of recurrence after a first unprovoked seizure. Epilepsia. 2008,. 49 Suppl 1: 13–8. PMID 18184149. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01444.x. 
  6. ^ Shearer, Peter. Seizures and Status Epilepticus: Diagnosis and Management in the Emergency Department. Emergency Medicine Practice. [2017-07-23]. (原始内容存档于2010-12-30). 
  7. ^ National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Chapter 1: Introduction. The Epilepsies: The diagnosis and management of the epilepsies in adults and children in primary and secondary care (PDF). National Clinical Guideline Centre. January 2012: 21–28 [2017-07-23]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-12-16). 

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