实验哲学

实验哲学(Experimental Philosophy)是一种新的哲学流派,旨在结合实证研究与传统的哲学研究方法。[1][2][3][4][5] 实验哲学家利用认知科学的方法来了解普通人对于一些基础哲学问题的想法。[6][7][8][9]

实验哲学家认为,经由了解哲学直觉(philosophical intuitions)的心智背景,他们的实验结果可以间接影响哲学研究。[10] 这对于实验结果的依靠被广泛的认为是反对于一种只依靠于先验证明的哲学研究方法,有时被称为"扶手椅"哲学("armchair" philosophy)。[4][5] 哲学家对于实验哲学的影响有不同的认见,而也有一些哲学家提出对于实验哲学的批评。[11][12][13]

最早的实验哲学是专注于关于跨文化差异(cross-cultural difference)[14][15]自由意志 [16],与行动理论 [17][18] 的问题。现在,实验哲学已被扩大到新的领域。

注释

  1. ^ Lackman, Jon. The X-Philes Philosophy meets the real world页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Slate, March 2, 2006.
  2. ^ Appiah, Anthony. The New New Philosophy页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), New York Times, December 9, 2007.
  3. ^ Appiah, Anthony. The 'Next Big Thing' in Ideas页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), National Public Radio, January 3, 2008.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Shea, Christopher. Against Intuition页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Chronicle of Higher Education, October 3, 2008.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Edmonds, David and Warburton, Nigel. Philosophy's great experiment页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Prospect, March 1, 2009
  6. ^ The Experimental Philosophy Page页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
  7. ^ Prinz, J. Experimental Philosophy页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), YouTube September 17, 2007.
  8. ^ Knobe, Joshua. What is Experimental Philosophy?页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆The Philosophers' Magazine (28) 2004.
  9. ^ Knobe, Joshua and Nichols, Shaun. An Experimental Philosophy Manifesto页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), in Knobe & Nichols (eds.) Experimental Philosophy页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) 2008.
  10. ^ Knobe, Joshua and Nichols, Shaun. An Experimental Philosophy Manifesto页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), in Knobe & Nichols (eds.) Experimental Philosophy页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), § 2.1. 2008.
  11. ^ Kauppinen, A. (2007). The Rise and Fall of Experimental Philosophy.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Philosophical Explorations 10 (2), pp. 95–118.
  12. ^ Ludwig, K. (2007). The Epistemology of Thought Experiments: First vs. Third Person Approaches页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Midwest Studies in Philosophy. 31:128-159.
  13. ^ Cullen, S. (forthcoming). Survey-Driven Romanticism.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) European Review of Philosophy, 9.
  14. ^ Weinberg, J., Nichols, S., & Stich, S. (2001). Normativity and Epistemic Intuitions.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆Philosophical Topics 29, pp. 429–460.
  15. ^ Machery, E., Mallon, R., Nichols, S., & Stich, S. (2004). Semantics, Cross-Cultural Style页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Cognition 92, pp. B1-B12.
  16. ^ Nahmias,E., Morris, S., Nadelhoffer, T. & Turner, J. Surveying Freedom: Folk Intuitions about Free Will and Moral Responsibility页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Philosophical Psychology (18) 2005 p.563
  17. ^ Knobe, J. (2003a). Intentional action and side effects in ordinary language,页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆Analysis 63, pp. 190–193.
  18. ^ Shaun Nichols & Joseph Ulatowski (2007). Intuitions and Individual Differences: The Knobe Effect Revisited.[永久失效链接] Mind & Language 22 (4):346–365.

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