卡斯蒂略金字塔
卡斯蒂略金字塔(西班牙语:El Castillo,意为“城堡”)位于犹加敦半岛玛雅遗迹奇琴伊察的中心,建造于11至13世纪之间,为祭祀羽蛇神的神庙。金字塔的四面楼梯都是91阶,但若金字塔顶端的神庙如果也算成一阶的话,卡斯蒂略金字塔总共有365阶,每一阶就代表哈布历(Haab',玛雅历的其中一种)的每一天。
地点 |
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坐标 | 20°40′58″N 88°34′07″W / 20.68289°N 88.56861°W |
建造时间 | 8—12世纪 |
类型 | 中部美洲台阶金字塔 |
材料 | 石灰岩 |
高度 | 24米(79英尺)(未算入神庙) 30米(98英尺)(未算入神庙) 神庙(19英尺) |
基座 | 55.3米(181英尺) |
斜率 | 37°29'44" 47º19'50" |
位置 | 墨西哥尤卡坦州蒂努姆市 |
隶属 | 奇琴伊察 |
标准 | 文化:(i)(ii)(iii) |
参考编码 | 483 |
登录年份 | 1988年(第12届会议) |
坐标 | 20°40′58.4″N 88°34′7.0″W / 20.682889°N 88.568611°W |
[编辑维基数据] |
在春分与秋分的日出日落时,金字塔的拐角在北面的阶梯上投下羽蛇神状的阴影,并随著太阳的位置在金字塔的北面移动。卡斯蒂略金字塔高24公尺,塔顶神庙高六公尺,基座长约为55.3公尺。金字塔总共有九层,与马雅的宇宙观相同。
参考文献
- Coe, Michael D. The Maya. Ancient peoples and places series 6th, fully revised and expanded. London and New York: Thames & Hudson. 1999. ISBN 0-500-28066-5. OCLC 59432778.
- Milbrath, Susan. Star Gods of the Maya: Astronomy in Art, Folklore, and Calendars. The Linda Schele series in Maya and pre-Columbian studies. Austin: University of Texas Press. 1999. ISBN 0-292-75225-3. OCLC 40848420.
- Šprajc, Ivan, and Pedro Francisco Sánchez Nava (2013). Astronomía en la arquitectura de Chichén Itzá: una reevaluación. Estudios de Cultura Maya XLI: p. 31–60.
- Willard, T.A. Kukulcan, the Bearded Conqueror : New Mayan Discoveries. Hollywood, CA: Murray and Gee. 1941. OCLC 3491500.
- Gray, Richard. "Sacred Sinkhole Discovered 1,000-year-old-Mayan-Temple-Eventually-Destroy-Pyramid." Science & tech August 17, 2015. Dailymail. Web. August 17, 2015.
- Justice, Adam. "Scientists discover sacred sinkhole cave under Chichen Itza pyramid." Science (2015). Ibtimes. Web. August 14, 2015.
- Juárez-Rodríguez, O., Argote-Espino D., Santos-Ramírez, M., & López-García, P. (2017). Portable XRF analysis for the identification of raw materials of the Red Jaguar sculpture in Chichén Itzá, Mexico. Quaternary International, Quaternary International.
- Tejero-Andrade, A., Argote-Espino, D., Cifuentes-Nava, G., Hernández-Quintero, E., Chávez, R.E., & García-Serrano, A. (2018). ‘Illuminating’ the interior of Kukulkan's Pyramid, Chichén Itzá, Mexico, by means of a non-conventional ERT geophysical survey. Journal of Archaeological Science, 90, 1-11.
- Wren, L., Kristan-Graham, C., Nygard, T., & Spencer, K. R. (2018). Landscapes of the Itza : Archaeology and art history at Chichen Itza and neighboring sites. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.