保持占有

保持占有拉丁语uti possidetis),亦称占领地保有,是国际法中的一项原则,主张除非条约另行规定,否则交战国英语Belligerent在战争结束后可以保有其在战争期间借由武力所占有的领土财产[1]

文艺复兴时期有关罗马禁止保持占有的论文。

与保持占有相对的国际法原则为战前状态拉丁语status quo ante bellum),主张交战各方恢复到战争发生前的势力状态。战争结束时,敌对双方签订的条约可以采纳保持占有原则,或战前状态原则,或两者之组合。如果条约对于借由武力所占领的领土和财产之归属没有特别规定,则以保持占有原则优先。[1]

保持占有原则是古典国际法承认的领土移转方式,但晚近则不再承认其为取得领土的合法方式,或对其取得领土的法律效力有所争论[2]。随著《联合国宪章》于1945年问世,借由武力取得领土违反《联合国宪章》,因此保持占有原则已不再是取得武力征服之领土的可行方式[3][4]

注释

  1. ^ 李明峻. 從國際法角度看琉球群島主權歸屬 (PDF). 台湾国际研究季刊. 2005年6月, 1 (2): 59 [2016-06-20]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-01-06). 
  2. ^ Fozia Lone. Uti Possidetis Iuris. Oxford Bibliographies英语Oxford Bibliographies. March 23, 2012 [June 20, 2016]. doi:10.1093/obo/9780199796953-0065. (原始内容存档于2020-11-21) (英语). However, with the adoption of the UN Charter in 1945, uti possidetis no longer served as a justified principle to seal title to territory acquired by conquest. 
  3. ^ Giuseppe Nesi义大利语Giuseppe Nesi. Uti possidetis Doctrine . Oxford Public International Law. January 2011 [June 20, 2016]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-30) (英语). This notion of uti possidetis is no longer viable since the well-established principles on the use of force do not allow for any acquisition of territory that is in violation of the United Nations Charter. 

参考文献

  • Sebastian Anstis and Mark Zacher (June 2010). "The Normative Bases of the Global Territorial Order." Diplomacy and Statecraft 21: 306–323.
  • Helen Ghebrewebet: "Identifying Units of Statehood and Determining International Boundaries: A Revised Look at the Doctrine of Uti Possidetis and the Principle of Self-Determination", Verlag Peter Lang 2006, ISBN 3-631-55092-8.

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