轮状病毒疫苗

轮状病毒疫苗
疫苗说明
目标	rotavirus
种类	减毒
临床资料
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a607024
给药途径	by mouth
ATC码	J07BH02 (WHO) ;
识别信息
ChemSpider	none;

轮状病毒疫苗 是用于预防轮状病毒感染的疫苗。^[2] 轮状病毒是造成孩童腹泻的最主要原因。^[2] 轮状病毒疫苗在发展中国家预防了15%到34%的严重腹泻；在发达国家避免了37%到96%的严重腹泻。^[3] 疫苗有效地降低了孩童因为严重腹泻而死亡的风险。^[2] 施打过疫苗的孩童，在成年后比未接受过疫苗的成人更能抵抗轮状病毒感染。^[4]

世界卫生组织建议在轮状病毒流行地区，应该例行施打轮状病毒疫苗。疫苗注射措施应该和鼓励母乳抚育、确实洗手、干净饮水与清洁一同进行。轮状病毒疫苗由口服途径给予，需要给予两到三剂。出生后六个月接种第一剂。^[2]

轮状病毒疫苗对孩童与人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者皆相当安全。旧的轮状病毒疫苗曾经有报导指出跟肠套叠有关，但现在的版本则并未有明确连结。为了避免可能的肠套叠风险，曾经有肠套叠病史的婴幼儿应避免注射此疫苗。轮状病毒疫苗为减毒性疫苗。^[2]

2006年，此疫苗在美国上市。^[1] 它是世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单的其中之一，意即在基本医疗卫生制度里非常需要、也相当重要的一项药物^[5] 2014年，轮状病毒疫苗的批发价介于6.96到20.66美元。^[6] 在美国，一剂轮状病毒疫苗价值超过200美金。^[7] 2013年，全球目前有两种疫苗：Rotarix 和 RotaTeq。^[2]

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Rotavirus Vaccine Live Oral. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [Dec 14, 2015]. （原始内容存档于2015-12-22）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Rotavirus vaccines. WHO position paper – January 2013. (PDF). Releve epidemiologique hebdomadaire / Section d'hygiene du Secretariat de la Societe des Nations = Weekly epidemiological record / Health Section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations. 1 February 2013, 88 (5): 49–64 [2016-07-04]. PMID 23424730. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-12-22）.
^ Soares-Weiser K, Maclehose H, Bergman H, et al. Soares-Weiser K , 编. Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012, 11: CD008521. PMID 23152260. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008521.pub3.
^ Patel MM, Steele D, Gentsch JR, Wecker J, Glass RI, Parashar UD. Real-world impact of rotavirus vaccination. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. January 2011, 30 (1 Suppl): S1–5. PMID 21183833. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e3181fefa1f.
^ WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013 [22 April 2014]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-04-23）.
^ Vaccine, Rotavirus. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [6 December 2015]. ^{[永久失效链接]}
^ Hamilton, Richart. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2015: 317. ISBN 9781284057560.

[AHFS2015-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Rotavirus Vaccine Live Oral. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [Dec 14, 2015]. （原始内容存档于2015-12-22）.

[WHO2013-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Rotavirus vaccines. WHO position paper – January 2013. (PDF). Releve epidemiologique hebdomadaire / Section d'hygiene du Secretariat de la Societe des Nations = Weekly epidemiological record / Health Section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations. 1 February 2013, 88 (5): 49–64 [2016-07-04]. PMID 23424730. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-12-22）.

[Soar2012-3] Soares-Weiser K, Maclehose H, Bergman H, et al. Soares-Weiser K , 编. Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012, 11: CD008521. PMID 23152260. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008521.pub3.

[Patel11-4] Patel MM, Steele D, Gentsch JR, Wecker J, Glass RI, Parashar UD. Real-world impact of rotavirus vaccination. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. January 2011, 30 (1 Suppl): S1–5. PMID 21183833. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e3181fefa1f.

[5] WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013 [22 April 2014]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-04-23）.

[6] Vaccine, Rotavirus. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [6 December 2015]. ^{[永久失效链接]}

[Ric2015-7] Hamilton, Richart. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2015: 317. ISBN 9781284057560.

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