白垩尖吻鲨

白垩尖吻鲨学名Cretoxyrhina),旧译白垩刺甲鲨金厨鲨,是生存于白垩纪的一种大型史前鲨鱼

白垩尖吻鲨
化石时期:阿尔布期-坎帕期[1][2][3][4][5][6] 107.59–73.2 Ma
白垩尖吻鲨(Cretoxyrhina mantelli)牙齿化石
无效状况
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes
亚类: 鲨总目 Selachimorpha
目: 鼠鲨目 Lamniformes
科: 白垩刺甲鲨科 Cretoxyrhinidae
属: 白垩刺甲鲨属 Cretoxyrhina
Glückman, 1958
模式种
Cretoxyrhina mantelli
Agassiz, 1843
  • 曼氏白垩尖吻鲨 C. mantelli
    Agassiz, 1843 (模式种)
  • 粗齿白垩尖吻鲨 C. denticulata Glückman, 1957
  • 韦拉科白垩尖吻鲨 C. vraconensis Zhelezko, 2000
  • 阿格西白垩尖吻鲨 C. agassizensis Underwood & Cumbaa, 2010
异名
异名列表
  • 角鲨属 Squalus
      • Squalus mustelus Mantell, 1822
      • Squalus zygaena Mantell, 1822
      • Squalus acaule Nilsson, 1827
    鼠鲨属 Lamna
      • Lamna mantellii Agassiz, 1835
      • Lamna acuminata Agassiz, 1838
      • Lamna cornubica Schimdt, 1846
      • Lamna petricoriensis Coquand, 1860
      • Lamna (Sphenodus) longidens Agassiz, 1876
    Oxyrhina
      • Oxyrhina mantellii Agassiz, 1838
      • Oxyrhina subinflata Agassiz, 1876
      • Oxyrhina extenta Leidy, 1873
      • Otodus appendiculatus Agassiz, 1838
      • Otodus oxyrhinoides Sauvage, 1872
    鲭鲨属 Isurus
      • Isurus mantelli Agassiz, 1843
      • Isurus denticulatus Glückman, 1957
    Pseudoisurus
      • Pseudoisurus mantelli Zhelezko, 2000
      • Pseudoisurus vraconensis Zhelezko, 2000
    Telodontaspis
      • Telodontaspis agassizensis Underwood & Cumbaa, 2010

发现历史

白垩尖吻鲨是由路易士·阿格西(Louis Agassiz)于1843年命名。后来查尔斯·斯腾伯格(Charles H. Sternberg)于1890年在美国肯萨斯州发现了一个最为完整的标本。这套标本包含了差不多完整的脊椎及超过250颗牙齿,估计长度达20呎。查尔斯将之命名为Oxyrhina mantelli[7]

近年发现了更多白垩尖吻鲨的标本。其中一个是于1891年由乔治·史登柏格(George Sternberg)所发现,并存放在慕尼黑博物馆。这个标本估计也有20呎长,但因二次大战轰炸而遭受破坏[7]

特征

 
白垩刺甲鲨的牙齿

白垩尖吻鲨可以长达7.5米-9米,比现今的大白鲨还要大。白垩尖吻鲨的牙齿长达7厘米[8],弯曲,边缘光滑,表面有一层很厚的珐琅质。

肯萨斯州尼奥布拉拉白垩层(Niobrara Chalk)所发现的白垩尖吻鲨标本显示,它们的外观像现今的大白鲨[9]。尾鳍显示它们是一类很活跃的鲨鱼,可以游得很快[9]

分布

白垩尖吻鲨分布在森诺曼阶坎帕阶的全球海域,包括北美洲的西部内陆海道

食性

 
西部内陆海道中,一只白垩刺甲鲨与两只角鳞鲨属环绕着一个破碎龙的尸体。

白垩尖吻鲨是它们生存时期最大型的鲨鱼之一,属于海洋中主要的掠食者之一。化石纪录显示它们猎食多类水生动物,如沧龙科[10]蛇颈龙亚目[11]剑射鱼[12]原盖龟科[13]

参考

  1. ^ Kenshu Shimada. Stratigraphic Record of the Late Cretaceous Lamniform Shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli (Agassiz), in Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 1997, 100 (3/4): 139–149. JSTOR 3628002. doi:10.2307/3628002. 
  2. ^ Mikael Siverson and Johan Lindgren. Late Cretaceous sharks Cretoxyrhina and Cardabiodon from Montana, USA (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2005 [2018-11-24]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-08-09). 
  3. ^ David Ward. Fossils of the Gault Clay- Sharks and Rays. The Paleontological Association. 2009: 279–299 [2019-07-31]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-31). 
  4. ^ J.G. Ogg and L.A. Hinnov. Cretaceous. 2012: 793–853. ISBN 9780444594259. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-59425-9.00027-5.  |journal=被忽略 (帮助)
  5. ^ Todd Cook, Eric Brown, Patricia E. Ralrick, and Takuya Konish. A late Campanian euselachian assemblage from the Bearpaw Formation of Alberta, Canada: some notable range extensions. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2017, 54 (9): 973–980. Bibcode:2017CaJES..54..973C. doi:10.1139/cjes-2016-0233. hdl:1807/77762. 
  6. ^ Derek William Larson, Donald B. Brinkman, and Phil R. Bell. Faunal assemblages from the upper Horseshoe Canyon Formation, an early Maastrichtian cool-climate assemblage from Alberta, with special reference to the Albertosaurus sarcophagus bonebed. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2010, 47 (9): 1159–1181. Bibcode:2010CaJES..47.1159L. doi:10.1139/E10-005. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Everhart, Mike. A Giant Ginsu Shark (Cretoxyrhina mantelli Agassiz) From Late Cretaceous Chalk of Kansas. 2009-01-30 [2010-01-05]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-08). 
  8. ^ 存档副本. [2021-07-16]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-16). 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Shimada, Kenshu, Cumbaa, S. L., Rooyen, D. V. Caudal Fin Skeleton of the Late Cretaceous Lamniform Shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli, from the Niobrara Chalk of Kansas (PDF). New Mexico Museum of Natural History. 2006 [2009-10-02]. 
  10. ^ Rothschild, B. M. Sharks eating mosasaurs, dead or alive? (PDF). Netherlands Journal of Geosciencesvolume 21. 2005, (4): 335–340 [2009-10-02]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-16). 
  11. ^ Everhart, M. J. Bite marks on an elasmosaur (Sauropterygia; Plesiosauria) paddle from the Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) as probable evidence of feeding by the lamniform shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli (PDF). PalArch Foundation. 2005 [2009-10-02]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-07-16). 
  12. ^ Shimada, Kenshu. Paleoecological relationships of the Late Cretaceous lamniform shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli (Agassiz). Journal of Paleontology. 1997 [2009-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2016-01-09). 
  13. ^ Shimada, Kenshu, Hooks, G. E. Shark-Bitten Protostegid Turtles from the Upper Cretaceous Mooreville Chalk, Alabama. Journal of Paleontology. 2004 [2009-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2016-01-09). 

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