潜望镜

潜望镜（Periscope），是一种利用光线反射原理所制作的光学仪器，最常被用在潜水艇用以在水下观察水面上的动静。曾在堑壕战中被用来从壕沟观察敌军动态。潜望镜并非只有军事用途，过往双层巴士亦有装置潜望镜，让坐在下层的司机可观察上层的情况，双层巴士的潜望镜至2000年代才逐渐由闭路电视取代。

Military handheld periscope optical design.
1 - Eyepiece
2 - Diagonal prism
3 - Handle
4 - 6 - Erecting lenses
5 - Periscope tube
7 - Field lens
8 - Lens
9 - Head diagonal prism
10 - Window

潜望镜示意图
Principle of the periscope.
A - Periscope using two plane mirrors.
B - Periscope using two right–angled prisms.
1 - 2 - Plane mirrors.
3 - 4 - Right–angled prisms.
5 - 6 - Observer eye.
7 - 8 - Periscope tube.
H - Periscope optical height.

Principle of the lens periscope.

A - Periscope using a single lens (L2) to correct image.

B - Periscope which uses two lenses (L2-L3) to correct image.

1-3 - Periscope window.

2-4 - Field stop or reticle.

P - Right–angled prisms (or plane mirrors).

L1 - Objective lens.

L2 - for A - L2 - L3 - for B - Image erecting lens.

L3 - L4 -for A - L4-L5- for B - Eyepiece.

L0 - Field lens.

y - Distant object.

H - Periscope optical height.

• 
  Submarine monocular attack periscope.
• 
  Zeiss submarine periscope optical design.

图片

海军使用潜望镜

• 
  Officer at periscope in control room of a U.S. Navy submarine in World War II. The officer pictured is Captain Raymond W. Alexander, Sr. and the photo was taken in 1942.
• 
  Submarine monocular attack periscope
• 
  Torpedoed Japanese destroyer Yamakaze photographed through periscope of USS Nautilus( USS Nautilus (SS-168)), 25 June 1942.

另见

• 望远镜
• 内视镜
• 光电桅杆

外部连接

• The Fleet Type Submarine Online: Submarine Periscope Manual United States Navy Navpers 16165, June 1979
• Simulation of a Periscope （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） at NTNUJAVA Virtual Physics Laboratory （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）