围攻希法医院

希法医院加沙地带最大的医疗中心,2023年11月以色列—哈玛斯战争期间,以色列称希法医院内藏有哈玛斯的指挥部而将其包围。11月11日,希法医院被以色列军队完全包围,与外界切断联系,加萨卫生部指当时院内有约1500名病人、1500名医护人员以及15000名在院内避难的难民[10][11]。以色列与美国声称医院地下藏有哈玛斯的指挥中心,哈玛斯与医院方均否认此事[12][13],院方并邀请国际社会派遣安全人员入院搜查以反驳以色列指控[14]

围攻希法医院 [1][2]
加沙围城战的一部分

包围示意图
日期2023年11月11日至11月15日[3]、2024年3月18日[4]-4月1日[5]
地点31°31′27.5″N 34°26′34″E / 31.524306°N 34.44278°E / 31.524306; 34.44278
结果
  • 以色列军队于11月15日进入医院,包围结束[6][7]
  • 以色列军队于11月24日撤出希法医院[8]
  • 以色列军队于2024年3月18日再度袭击希法医院[9],4月1日撤离[5]
以色列发布的地图指希法医院内有哈马斯的指挥中心

11月15日,以色列军队进入希法医院,并表示确实在院内发现了哈玛斯的指挥部[15]BBCCNN等媒体均发现以色列军方发布的影片内容前后不自洽,且疑似有剪接痕迹[16][17],多家媒体指以色列发布的资讯不准确或经过变造[18][19]。11月22日以色列发布影片指医院地下发现多条地道[20],《华尔街日报》与《卫报》皆指此与以方最早声称的“医院中有指挥部”不符[21][22]。以色列又公布医院闭路电视录像,显示有两名己方人质被带入医院中[23]。12月21日,《华盛顿邮报》分析指出以方公布的地道实际上并不与医院相连[24]。2024年1月2日,美国发布机密文件显示希法医院曾被用作哈马斯指挥中心[25],隔日以色列又称成功摧毁医院下的一条地道[26],但有媒体反驳指此两者皆不能作为医院被用作军事用途的确凿证据[27][28]。11月24日,以色列军队在双方达成暂时停火协议后撤出希法医院[8]

以色列对医院的进攻与未能发现医院的军事设施都招致大量批评[29][30][31][32]联合国人权事务高级专员办事处专员福尔克尔·蒂尔克呼吁对此事展开独立调查[33]国际法规定交战双方只有在医院被用作军事用途,且对己方带来伤害时才能将其作为攻击目标[34]。以色列被控以资讯战以开脱自己攻击医院、违反国际法的责任,希法医院的医护人员也指以色列的攻击直接造成院中新生儿等病患的死亡[35]世界卫生组织秘书长谭德塞表示“医院不是战场,以色列的行为完全无法令人接受”[36]

2024年3月18日,以色列方面以希法医院内存在哈马斯领导人为由袭击希法医院,[37]以色列方面表示此次进攻造成1名以色列士兵死亡,20名巴勒斯坦武装分子死亡。[38][39]

2024年3月20日,以色列国防军表示其继续在希法医院开展军事行动,而且已击毙90名武装人员并逮捕160人。[40][41]3月21日,以色列国防军又宣布在希法医院打死50名武装人员,以方在该医院打死的哈马斯武装人员总数达到140人,后来又改口称打死170人、200人。[42][43][44]以色列还命令巴勒斯坦人撤离希法医院。[45]哈马斯则表示在过去的几小时内,以军对希法医院的袭击已导致13名病人死亡。[46]多名患者因缺乏医疗用品而死亡。[47]世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞表示,自以色列袭击希法医院以来,世卫组织已经和希法医院失去联系。[48]哈马斯杰哈德表示,他们的确在希法医院附近和以色列军队作战。[43]3月30日,以色列军方表示在希法医院的军事行动中打死了两名哈马斯高级领导人。[49]4月1日,以色列军方宣布,以军部队已完成在希法医院一带的作战活动,并撤离了医院范围。加沙卫生部表示,以军撤离前放火烧毁希法医院建筑物,导致医院完全停运;医院内和周围发现了数十具尸体,其中一些已经腐烂。[5]世界卫生组织同样表示,以色列军队对希法医院的围攻已摧毁该医院。[50]

参考文献

  1. ^ Fuller, Thomas; Boxerman, Aaron; Browne, Malachy; Collier, Neil. Gaza City Hospitals Are Caught in Deadly Crossfire. The New York Times. 10 November 2023 [15 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于15 November 2023) –通过NYTimes.com. 
  2. ^ Vega, Luis de. Crisis in Gaza's largest hospital: 'We need to evacuate now, but they shoot everyone who tries to escape'. EL PAÍS English. 11 November 2023 [19 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于19 November 2023). 
  3. ^ Sanz, Juan Carlos. Siege by Israeli army forces excavation of mass grave in Gaza's main hospital. EL PAÍS English. 15 November 2023 [15 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于15 November 2023). 
  4. ^ England, Andrew; Zilber, Neri. Israel raids Gaza’s biggest hospital. Financial Times. 2024-03-18 [2024-03-22]. (原始内容存档于2024-03-20). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 以军结束突袭行动撤离 希法医院发现多具尸体. 联合早报. 2024-04-01 [2024-04-02]. (原始内容存档于2024-04-13) (中文). 
  6. ^ England, Andrew; Chazan, Guy; Seleh, Heba; Srivastava, Mehul; Khaled, Mai. Israeli military raids Gaza's largest hospital in climax of siege. Financial Times. 15 November 2023 [22 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于20 November 2023). 
  7. ^ Israeli troops enter Gaza's Al-Shifa Hospital in culmination of siege. The Straits Times. 15 November 2023 [22 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于22 November 2023). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Israeli army withdraws from Gaza hospital after truce: Hamas ministry =24 November 2023. Economic times. [24 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于24 November 2023). 
  9. ^ Presse, AFP - Agence France. Fighting At Gaza's Al-Shifa Hospital: What We Know. Barron's. 2024-03-21 [2024-03-22]. (原始内容存档于2024-04-16). 
  10. ^ Hospitals have special protection under the rules of war. Why are they in the crosshairs in Gaza?. AP News. 11 November 2023 [19 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于13 November 2023). 
  11. ^ WHO leads very high-risk joint humanitarian mission to Al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza. www.who.int. [20 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于20 November 2023). 
  12. ^ Israel says Hamas is using Gaza's biggest hospital for cover. Hundreds of people are trapped inside. AP News. 13 November 2023 [14 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于24 November 2023). 
  13. ^ Hunnicutt, Trevor. White House says it has evidence Hamas using Al Shifa hospital to run military actions. Reuters. 14 November 2023. (原始内容存档于14 November 2023). 
  14. ^ Abu Azzoum, Tareq. Israeli military preparing to storm al-Shifa Hospital. Al Jazeera. [15 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于23 December 2023). 
  15. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Al-Mughrabi, Nidal. Hamas command centre, weapons found at Gaza hospital, Israeli military says. Reuters. 15 November 2023 [15 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于15 November 2023). 
  16. ^ IDF evidence so far falls well short of al-Shifa hospital being Hamas HQ. The Guardian. 17 November 2023 [18 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于18 November 2023). 
  17. ^ Tanno, Sophie; Alkhshali, Hamdi; Liebermann, Oren. What we know about what Israel says it has found at Al-Shifa. CNN. 20 November 2023 [3 March 2024]. (原始内容存档于2023-12-04). 
  18. ^ Information missteps have led to questions about Israel's credibility. NBC News. 18 November 2023 [19 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于19 November 2023). 
  19. ^ WATCH: Information warfare – Israel accused of fabricating evidence. Al Jazeera. [23 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于23 December 2023). 
  20. ^ The Hamas tunnels under Shifa Hospital, according to Israel. Reuters. 22 November 2023 [23 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于22 November 2023). 
  21. ^ Inside Israel's Campaign to Prove a Gaza Hospital Was a Hamas Command Center. The Wall Street Journal. 22 November 2023 [1 December 2023]. (原始内容存档于5 December 2023). 
  22. ^ Israel arrests Gaza hospital director and bombs 300 targets amid truce delay. The Guardian. 23 November 2023 [1 December 2023]. (原始内容存档于4 December 2023). 
  23. ^ Sabbagh, Dan. Israeli army says footage shows foreign hostages inside Gaza's al-Shifa hospital. The Guardian. 20 November 2023 [20 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于20 November 2023). 
  24. ^ Loveluck, Louisa; Hill, Evan; Baran, Jonathan; Ley, Jarrett; Nakashima, Ellen. The case of al-Shifa: Investigating the assault on Gaza's largest hospital. Washington Post. December 21, 2023 [December 21, 2023]. (原始内容存档于21 December 2023). 
  25. ^ Barnes, Julian E. Hamas Used Gaza Hospital as a Command Center, U.S. Intelligence Says. The New York Times. 2 January 2024 [4 January 2024]. (原始内容存档于2024-07-09). 
  26. ^ Victor, Daniel. Israel says it dismantled a Hamas-built tunnel under a Gaza hospital.. The New York Times. 3 January 2024 [4 January 2024]. (原始内容存档于2024-04-04). 
  27. ^ U.S.'confident' that Hamas used al-Shifa Hospital as command center. WAPO. 3 January 2024 [2024-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2024-01-03). While U.S. officials say the intelligence community has “high confidence” in its assessment of al-Shifa’s use by Hamas, they have not publicly released visual or audio evidence. The IDF’s claims have also been challenged by a lack of conclusive proof. 
  28. ^ Liebermann, Alex Marquardt, Oren. US doubles down on assessment Hamas used Gaza hospital as command hub | CNN Politics. CNN. January 3, 2024 [2024-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2024-06-01). Neither Israel nor the US have published evidence that fully matches up with the claims 
  29. ^ Srivastava, Mehul; Schwartz, Felicia. Israeli forces advance in Gaza City as Benjamin Netanyahu resists ceasefire calls. Financial Times. [19 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于19 November 2023). 
  30. ^ Raine, Andrew. Israel launches military operation inside Gaza's Al-Shifa Hospital. CNN. 15 November 2023 [19 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于19 November 2023). 
  31. ^ Biden Backs Israel's Hospital Raid, Hopeful on Hostage Release. Bloomberg. 16 November 2023 [19 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于17 November 2023) –通过www.bloomberg.com. 
  32. ^ Wintour, Patrick. Israel faces wave of international condemnation over hospital raid. The Guardian. 15 November 2023 [19 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于19 November 2023). 
  33. ^ Shortell, Andrew Carey, David. UN High Commissioner for Human Rights calls for independent investigation into Al-Shifa hospitals claims. CNN. 17 November 2023 [17 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于17 November 2023). 
  34. ^ Taub, Amanda. How International Law Views Military Action at a Hospital. The New York Times. 16 November 2023 [17 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于17 November 2023) –通过NYTimes.com. 
  35. ^ Scahill, Jeremy. Al-Shifa Hospital, Hamas's Tunnels, and Israeli Propaganda. The Intercept. 21 November 2023 [24 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于6 December 2023). 
  36. ^ Sinmaz, Emine; Burke, Jason. Israeli soldiers raid al-Shifa hospital in escalation of Gaza offensive. the Guardian. 15 November 2023 [24 November 2023]. (原始内容存档于24 November 2023). 
  37. ^ Israel launches night raid on Gaza al-Shifa hospital. BBC News. 2024-03-18 [2024-03-18]. (原始内容存档于2024-04-03) (英国英语). 
  38. ^ Soldier killed as IDF raids Gaza City's Shifa Hospital, battles Hamas gunmen inside. The Times of Israel. 18 March 2024 [18 March 2024]. (原始内容存档于2024-04-01). 
  39. ^ Styllis, George. Israel-Hamas war latest: Senior Hamas terrorist 'killed in Al Shifa raid'. The Telegraph. 2024-03-18 [2024-03-18]. ISSN 0307-1235. (原始内容存档于2024-04-07) (英国英语). 
  40. ^ Israeli military says it killed 90 gunmen at Gaza's Al Shifa hospital. Reuters. 20 March 2024 [20 March 2024]. 
  41. ^ IDF says it killed 90 "terrorists" around Al-Shifa as doctors say men forced to strip outside hospital. CNN. 2024-03-20 [2024-03-20]. (原始内容存档于2024-04-08) (英语). 
  42. ^ Beaumont, Peter. Heavy fighting reported around Gaza’s al-Shifa and Nasser hospitals. The Guardian. 2024-03-28 [2024-03-29]. 
  43. ^ 43.0 43.1 Nidal Al-Mughrabi, Bassam Masoud. Battles rage around Gaza's Al Shifa hospital, Israel says 170 gunmen dead. Reuters. 2024-03-23 [2024-03-24]. 
  44. ^ Israel-Hamas war: U.S. submits draft U.N. resolution calling for immediate Gaza cease-fire. NBC News. 2024-03-21 [2024-03-22]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-11). 
  45. ^ 以色列对加沙战争的今日发展:向希法医院发出疏散令. Al Jazeera. 2024-03-21 [2024-03-22]. (原始内容存档于2024-03-24) (中文). 
  46. ^ 哈马斯:以军在希法医院的袭击已致13名病人死亡. 新浪军事_手机新浪网. 2024-03-22 [2024-03-22]. (原始内容存档于2024-03-22) (中文). 
  47. ^ Israel’s war on Gaza: List of key events, day 169. Al Jazeera. 2024-03-23 [2024-03-24]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-16). 
  48. ^ 世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞:已失去与希法医院的联系_手机网易网. 谭德塞_手机网易网. 2024-03-22 [2024-03-22]. (原始内容存档于2024-03-22). 
  49. ^ 以色列军方宣布打死两名哈马斯高级领导人. 联合早报. 2024-03-31 [2024-03-31]. (原始内容存档于2024-04-02) (中文). 
  50. ^ 世卫组织:以色列军队已摧毁加沙希法医院-新华网. 新华网_让新闻离你更近. 2024-04-03 [2024-04-03]. (原始内容存档于2024-04-14) (中文).