倭马亚大清真寺
敘利亞的清真寺
倭马亚大清真寺（始建于705年）是伊斯兰教最主要的清真寺之一，位于叙利亚首都大马士革。该寺被认为是伊斯兰教的第四大圣寺。
| 奥米亚大清真寺 جامع بني أمية الكبير | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 基本信息 | |
| 地区 | 黎凡特 |
| 位置 | 叙利亚大马士革 |
| 坐标 | 33°30′43″N 36°18′24″E / 33.511944°N 36.306667°E |
| 宗教 | 伊斯兰教 |
| 功能状态 | 现存 |
| 建筑详情 | |
| 建筑类型 | 清真寺 |
| 建筑风格 | 奥米亚王朝 |
| 竣工 | 715 |
| 建筑材料 | 石、大理石、磁砖、马赛克 |
| 宣礼塔 | 3 |
| 地图 | |
  奥米亚大清真寺于大马士革位置图 | |
 | |
倭马亚清真寺最早是罗马帝国时期的朱庇特神殿，在392年罗马帝国定基督教为国教后改为圣约翰大教堂（纪念施洗约翰），为正教会安提阿牧首区下大马士革主教的主教座堂。叙利亚于7世纪为阿拉伯人征服后，圣约翰大教堂一度仍归基督教徒做礼拜之用。705年，倭马亚王朝的哈里发瓦利德一世接收了这座教堂，将其改为清真寺。瓦利德一世从拜占庭、叙利亚、埃及等地招集工匠，历时十年将清真寺建成。
在改造过程中，教堂的长方形布局被保存下来，但其余部分有多少被留用则不得而知。可以肯定的是，倭马亚清真寺有两座尖塔原来是教堂的望楼，第三座光塔则为瓦利德一世所建。
历史上，倭马亚清真寺曾经三次被焚毁。第一次是在1069年清真寺发生火灾；第二次是在1400年，中亚的征服者帖木儿围攻大马士革时纵火烧毁了清真寺；第三次是在1893年，清真寺再度发生火灾。
参考文献
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