俱卢之战

俱卢之战梵语कुरुक्षेत्र युद्ध英语:Kurukshetra War 或 Mahabharata War)是俱卢族般度族之间为争夺俱卢国王位而发生的战争。据《摩诃婆罗多》记载,印度几乎所有地区都参与这场战争;根据《摩诃婆罗多》和其他吠陀文献记载,这是古印度吠陀时期规模最大的战争。[8] 数十万刹帝利战士在这场战争中丧生,导致吠陀文化和文明衰落。[8] 由于这场战争,印度失去许多刹帝利、知识和科学。从某种意义上说,正处于发展巅峰的吠陀文化和文明突然被毁灭。吠陀文明随着这场战争而结束。史诗《摩诃婆罗多》中记载这场战争的故事,并一直流传至今。[8] 般度族据称赢得最终胜利。[8]

俱卢之战
कुरुक्षेत्र युद्ध

1700年的俱卢之战图
地点
结果

般度族与盟友惨胜,推翻俱卢族王朝

领土变更
  • 俱卢哈斯蒂纳普尔和天帝城在般度族的统治下重新统一
  • 德罗纳持有的般遮罗土地归还给般遮罗
  • 停战战前状态
  • 参战方
  • 般度族
  • 黑天
  • 般遮罗
  • 摩差
  • 摩揭陀
  • 车底
  • 贡提
  • 其他盟友
    其他盟友
    指挥官与领导者
    领袖
    坚战
    总司令
    猛光英语Dhrishtadyumna (day 1-18) 
    其他指挥官
    阿周那
    怖军
    木柱王 
    毗罗吒 
    激昂英语Abhimanyu 
    百军英语Upapandavas 
    萨谛奇英语Satyaki
    束发 
    无种
    偕天
    军师
    黑天
    领袖
    Dhritrashtra
    Duryodhana 
    Commanders-in-chief
    Bhishma (day 1-10) 
    Drona (day 11-15) 
    Karna (day 16-17) 
    Shalya (day 18) 
    Ashwatthama (night raid)
    Other-Commanders Dushasana 
    Jayadratha 
    Kripa
    Kritavarma
    Bhurishravas 
    Bahlika 
    Bhagadatta 
    Sudakshina 
    Strategist
    Shakuni 
    兵力
    7 Akshauhinis
    153,090-100,300,000[1]双轮战车和战车兵
    10,000 - 153,090 头战象和骑象人
    459,270 - 1,000,000 马和骑士
    765,450 - 1,000,000,000 步兵 [2]
    (总计1,530,900-1,003,830,900名士兵)
    11 Akshauhinis
    240,570 辆双轮战车和战车兵
    240,570 头战象和骑象人
    721,710 马和骑士 - 100,000,000 horses (mentioned possibly as a hyperbole)[3]
    1,202,850 步兵
    6,000,000 protecting elephants and chariots[4]
    140,000,000 毕舍遮
    280,000,000 罗刹
    420,000,000 夜叉
    100,000,000 Narayani Sena[5][6]
    (total 8,450,700 - 1,048,405,700 soldiers)
    伤亡与损失
    几乎总共 (1,530,892 名士兵)
    only 8 known survivors - the Pandavas, Krishna, Satyaki, and Yuyutsu.
    几乎总共(2,405,697 名士兵)
    only 3 known survivors - Ashwatthama, Kripa, and Kritavarma
    Yudhishthira gives a different number which is 1,660,020,000 dead and 24,165 missing.[7]
    俱卢之战图

    参考文献

    1. ^ The Mahabharata, Book 6: Bhishma Parva: Bhagavat-Gita Parva: Section L. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-25]. (原始内容存档于25 March 2023). And Nakula and Sahadeva placed themselves on the left wing. And on the joints of the wings were placed ten thousand cars and on the head a hundred thousand, and on the back a hundred millions and twenty thousand and on the neck a hundred and seventy thousand. 
    2. ^ The Mahābhārata. Internet Archive. New Delhi : Penguin. 2009: 291. ISBN 978-0-14-044681-4. 
    3. ^ The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva: Uluka Dutagamana Parva: Section CXCIX. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-25]. (原始内容存档于25 March 2023). And he was followed by Sauchitti, who steadily adhered to truth and was invincible in battle, and Srenimat, and Vasudeva and Vibhu, the son of the ruler of Kasi, with twenty thousand cars, and hundred million steeds of high mettle, each bearing scores of bells on its limbs, and twenty thousand smiting elephants with tusks as long as plough-shares, all of good breed and divided temples and all resembling moving masses of clouds. 
    4. ^ The Mahabharata, Book 6: Bhishma Parva: Bhagavat-Gita Parvad: Section XVIII. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-25]. (原始内容存档于25 March 2023). And with a division that consisted of ten thousand active elephants, the king of Magadha followed that large car division. They that protected the wheels of the cars and they that protected the elephants, numbered full six millions. 
    5. ^ The Mahabharata, Book 5: Udyoga Parva: Section VII. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-27]. (原始内容存档于27 March 2023). 
    6. ^ The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva: Draupadi-harana Parva: Section CCLXXIX. www.sacred-texts.com. [2023-03-26]. (原始内容存档于26 March 2023). One hundred and forty millions of Pisachas, twice as many man-eating Rakshasa of terrible deed, and thrice as many Yaksha do my bidding! 
    7. ^ The Mahābhārata. Internet Archive. New Delhi : Penguin. 2009: 593. ISBN 978-0-14-044681-4. Dhristarashtra asks Yudhishthira the number of battle casualties: he reports that 1,660,020,000 men are dead and 24,165 missing. 
    8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Bonnefoy, Yves. Asian Mythologies. University of Chicago Press. 1993-05-15. ISBN 978-0-226-06456-7 (英语).