腺苷脫氨酶

腺苷脫氨酶（英語：Adenosine deaminase）的是一種參與嘌呤代謝作用的酶。它是用作拆解食物組織中的核酸中的腺苷。在人體中，它主要參與了免疫細胞的製造。若該酶突變，會造成T細胞、B細胞及自然殺手細胞皆無法表現的嚴重複合型免疫缺乏症(SCID)。

腺苷脫氨酶
牛腺苷脫氨酶的丝带图。可见中央的锌离子。来自PDB 1VFL
有效结构 PDB 直系同源检索：PDBe, RCSB PDB查询代码列表 1M7M, 3IAR
标识
代号	ADA;
扩展标识	遗传学：608958 鼠基因：87916 同源基因：37249 GeneCards: ADA Gene
EC編號	3.5.4.4
基因本体论描述 分子功能 · purine nucleoside binding · adenosine deaminase activity · adenosine deaminase activity · adenosine deaminase activity · protein binding · zinc ion binding · zinc ion binding · hydrolase activity · metal ion binding 细胞成分 · extracellular space · cytoplasm · lysosome · cytosol · plasma membrane · external side of plasma membrane · cell surface · membrane · cell junction · cytoplasmic vesicle · dendrite cytoplasm · neuronal cell body · cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle lumen 生物过程 · response to hypoxia · in utero embryonic development · trophectodermal cell differentiation · liver development · placenta development · germinal center B cell differentiation · positive regulation of germinal center formation · negative regulation of leukocyte migration · negative regulation of mature B cell apoptosis · purine base metabolic process · adenosine catabolic process · adenosine catabolic process · deoxyadenosine catabolic process · cell adhesion · aging · nucleotide metabolic process · purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process · positive regulation of heart rate · positive regulation of B cell proliferation · purine nucleotide salvage · positive regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus · regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin · T cell activation · response to hydrogen peroxide · negative regulation of apoptosis · purine-containing compound salvage · regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep · positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction · dATP catabolic process · hypoxanthine biosynthetic process · inosine biosynthetic process · inosine biosynthetic process · xanthine biosynthetic process · positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation · lung alveolus development · Peyer's patch development · embryonic digestive tract development · negative regulation of inflammatory response · positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling · positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway · nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process · negative regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway · negative regulation of penile erection · negative regulation of thymocyte apoptosis · negative regulation of mucus secretion Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表达模式
更多表达数据
直系同源体
物种	人类	小鼠
Entrez	100	11486
Ensembl	ENSG00000196839	ENSMUSG00000017697
UniProt	P00813	Q4FJZ7
mRNA序列	NM_000022.2	NM_007398.3
蛋白序列	NP_000013.2	NP_031424.1
基因位置	Chr 20: 43.25 – 43.28 Mb	Chr 2: 163.55 – 163.58 Mb
PubMed查询	[1]	[2]

Adenosine/AMP deaminase
crystal structure of plasmodium yoelii adenosine deaminase (py02076)
鑑定
標誌	A_deaminase
Pfam	PF00962（旧版）
Pfam宗系	CL0034（旧版）
InterPro	IPR001365
PROSITE	PDOC00419
SCOP	1add / SUPFAM
現有可用的蛋白結構： Pfam 結構（旧版） / ECOD PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum 結構概要

Adenosine deaminase (editase) domain
鑑定
標誌	A_deamin
Pfam	PF02137（旧版）
InterPro	IPR002466
PROSITE	PDOC00419
SCOP	1add / SUPFAM
現有可用的蛋白結構： Pfam 結構（旧版） / ECOD PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum 結構概要

Adenosine/AMP deaminase N-terminal
鑑定
標誌	A_deaminase_N
Pfam	PF08451（旧版）
InterPro	IPR013659
現有可用的蛋白結構： Pfam 結構（旧版） / ECOD PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum 結構概要

反應

腺苷脫氨酶對腺苷進行不可逆轉的脫氨作用，轉化腺苷為相關的核苷肌苷，移除氨基酸組。

病理學

腺苷脫氨酶的突變基因使之不容易被表達，這是一些嚴重複合型免疫缺乏症(SCID)的原因。基因突變令ADA被過度產生是溶血性貧血原因之一。有一些證據表明，一個不同的等位基因(ADA2)可能會導致自閉症。

ADA活性異常與多種疾病相關，如當人體發生結核桿菌侵襲時，人體主要啓動細胞免疫，T淋巴細胞和單核巨噬細胞被分枝桿菌激活可引起ADA的活性增強，且間皮細胞吞噬分枝桿菌後產生的特異性細胞因子亦誘導ADA的活性增強。

深入阅读

• da Cunha JG. [Adenosine deaminase. A pluridisciplinary enzyme]. Acta médica portuguesa. 1992, 4 (6): 315–23. PMID 1807098. 
• Franco R, Casadó V, Ciruela F; et al. Cell surface adenosine deaminase: much more than an ectoenzyme. Prog. Neurobiol. 1997, 52 (4): 283–94. PMID 9247966. doi:10.1016/S0301-0082(97)00013-0.  引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)
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• Glader BE, Backer K. Elevated red cell adenosine deaminase activity: a marker of disordered erythropoiesis in Diamond-Blackfan anaemia and other haematologic diseases. Br. J. Haematol. 1988, 68 (2): 165–8. PMID 3348976. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1988.tb06184.x. 
• Petersen MB, Tranebjaerg L, Tommerup N; et al. New assignment of the adenosine deaminase gene locus to chromosome 20q13 X 11 by study of a patient with interstitial deletion 20q. J. Med. Genet. 1987, 24 (2): 93–6. PMC 1049896 . PMID 3560174. doi:10.1136/jmg.24.2.93.  引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)
• Orkin SH, Goff SC, Kelley WN, Daddona PE. Transient expression of human adenosine deaminase cDNAs: identification of a nonfunctional clone resulting from a single amino acid substitution. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1985, 5 (4): 762–7. PMC 366780 . PMID 3838797. 
• Valerio D, Duyvesteyn MG, Dekker BM; et al. Adenosine deaminase: characterization and expression of a gene with a remarkable promoter. EMBO J. 1985, 4 (2): 437–43. PMC 554205 . PMID 3839456.  引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)
• Bonthron DT, Markham AF, Ginsburg D, Orkin SH. Identification of a point mutation in the adenosine deaminase gene responsible for immunodeficiency. J. Clin. Invest. 1985, 76 (2): 894–7. PMC 423929 . PMID 3839802. doi:10.1172/JCI112050. 
• Daddona PE, Shewach DS, Kelley WN; et al. Human adenosine deaminase. cDNA and complete primary amino acid sequence. J. Biol. Chem. 1984, 259 (19): 12101–6. PMID 6090454.  引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)
• Valerio D, Duyvesteyn MG, Meera Khan P; et al. Isolation of cDNA clones for human adenosine deaminase. Gene. 1984, 25 (2-3): 231–40. PMID 6198240. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(83)90227-5.  引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)