血箭石目

血箭石目; 化石时期：石炭纪 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲：	頭足綱 Cephalopoda
亚纲：	蛸亞綱 Coleoidea
目：	†血箭石目 Hematitida; Doguzhaeva et al., 2002

血箭石目（学名：Hematitida）是生存于早石炭世的一类头足类。它们是最古老的已确定的有内壳体的头足类，^[2]尽管对泥盆纪是否存在更古老的有内壳体的头足类仍有争议。^[3]迄今为止，仅在美国阿肯色州和犹他州发现了血箭石目化石，^[2]该目目前唯一被描述的科是血箭石科。

特征

血箭石目共有的一些特征包括：

一个短的喙，由文石和有机材料组成，有脊
一个短的体腔，只有膈肌最后一个室的1.5到2倍长
一个球形胎壳
窄而直的闭锥
一个多层的锥形胞管——闭锥的外壁
一个狭窄的腹侧体管^[4]

分类

Doguzhaeva等人在2003年归纳了这个目的下属演化支。^[5]

†血箭石目 Hematitida Doguzhaeva, Mapes, & Mutvei, 2002
- †血箭石科 Hematitidae Gustomesov 1976
  - †血箭石属 Hematites Flower & Gordon 1959 - type genus
  - †属 Bactritimimus Flower & Gordon, 1959
  - †古芋螺属 Paleoconus Flower & Gordon, 1959

参考资料

^ Doguzhaeva, Larisa A.; Mapes, Royal H.; Mutvei, Harry (2002). "Shell morphology and ultrastructure of the Early Carboniferous coleoid Hematites Flower & Gordon, 1959 (Hematitida ord. nov.) from Midcontinent (USA)". Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt. 57: 299–320'. ISBN 3-85316-014-X.ISSN 0016-7800.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Nishiguchi, Michelle; Mapes, Royal K. (2008), "Cephalopoda", in Ponder, Winston F., & Lindberg, David R. (eds.), Phylogeny and evolution of the Mollusca, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, pp. 163–199, ISBN^{[永久失效連結]} 978-0-520-25092-5^{[永久失效連結]}
^ Bandel, Klaus; Reitner, Joachim; Sturmer, Wilhelm (1983)."Coleoidea from the Devonian Black Slate ("Hunsruck-Schiefer")" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）(PDF). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. Stuttgart. 165 (3): 397–417.
^ Doguzhaeva, Larisa A.; Mapes, Royal H.; Mutvei, Harry (2002). "Shell morphology and ultrastructure of the Early Carboniferous coleoid Hematites Flower & Gordon, 1959 (Hematitida ord. nov.) from Midcontinent (USA)". Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt. 57: 299–320'. ISBN^{[永久失效連結]} 3-85316-014-X^{[永久失效連結]}.ISSN^{[永久失效連結]} 0016-7800.
^ Doguzhaeva, Larisa A.; Mapes, Royal H.; Mutvei, Harry (2003). "The shell and ink sac morphology and ultrastructure of the Late Pennsylvanian cephalopod Donovaniconus and its phylogenetic significance". Berliner Paläobiologische Abhandlungen. 3: 61–78.

[1] Doguzhaeva, Larisa A.; Mapes, Royal H.; Mutvei, Harry (2002). "Shell morphology and ultrastructure of the Early Carboniferous coleoid Hematites Flower & Gordon, 1959 (Hematitida ord. nov.) from Midcontinent (USA)". Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt. 57: 299–320'. ISBN 3-85316-014-X.ISSN 0016-7800.

[#1-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Nishiguchi, Michelle; Mapes, Royal K. (2008), "Cephalopoda", in Ponder, Winston F., & Lindberg, David R. (eds.), Phylogeny and evolution of the Mollusca, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, pp. 163–199, ISBN^{[永久失效連結]} 978-0-520-25092-5^{[永久失效連結]}

[3] Bandel, Klaus; Reitner, Joachim; Sturmer, Wilhelm (1983)."Coleoidea from the Devonian Black Slate ("Hunsruck-Schiefer")" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）(PDF). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. Stuttgart. 165 (3): 397–417.

[4] Doguzhaeva, Larisa A.; Mapes, Royal H.; Mutvei, Harry (2002). "Shell morphology and ultrastructure of the Early Carboniferous coleoid Hematites Flower & Gordon, 1959 (Hematitida ord. nov.) from Midcontinent (USA)". Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt. 57: 299–320'. ISBN^{[永久失效連結]} 3-85316-014-X^{[永久失效連結]}.ISSN^{[永久失效連結]} 0016-7800.

[5] Doguzhaeva, Larisa A.; Mapes, Royal H.; Mutvei, Harry (2003). "The shell and ink sac morphology and ultrastructure of the Late Pennsylvanian cephalopod Donovaniconus and its phylogenetic significance". Berliner Paläobiologische Abhandlungen. 3: 61–78.

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