維基百科

拉克萬納河

美国宾夕法尼亚州河流

拉克萬納河（英語：Lackawanna River）是美國賓夕法尼亞州東北部的一條河流，是薩斯奎哈納河的支流，長約40.8-英里（65.7-公里）[18]。它流經的波科諾山北部山區曾經是美國的一個無煙煤中心。它起始於賓夕法尼亞州韋恩郡北部，在路澤恩郡中東部的杜里埃注入薩斯奎哈納河。河流的下游經過斯克蘭頓的市中心，其兩岸在19世紀形成了一個工業中心。它的名字來自當地部落語言萊納佩語，意為 "濁流"。[19]

拉克萬納河
Map of northeastern Pennsylvania, with county borders indictated and the Lackawanna and Lackawaxen watersheds highlighted in yellow.
拉克萬納河流域
別名Gachanai,[1] Hazirok[1] L'chau-hanne,[2] Lackawannok,[3] Lechau-hanné,[4] Lechau-hannek,[2] Lechauwah-hannek.[2]
詞源萊納佩語Lechauwa-hannek，意謂「分岔的河流」[2]
國家 美國
州 賓夕法尼亞州
郡拉克瓦納郡、路澤恩郡、薩斯奎漢納郡和韋恩郡[5]
流域
源頭東西側支流合流點
 • 海拔1,341英尺（409公尺）
第二源頭 
 • 位置東側支流：[5]
Bone Pond,[7] Dunn Pond,[8] Independent Lake,[9] Lake Lorain[10]
 • 海拔東側支流：1,572英尺（479公尺）[11]
第三源頭 
 • 位置西側支流：[5]
Fiddle Lake,[12] Lewis Lake,[13] Lake Lowe[14]
 • 海拔西側支流：1,575英尺（480公尺）[15]
河口 
 • 位置薩斯奎哈納河北側支流[6]
 • 座標41°20′28″N 75°47′35″W / 41.3412°N 75.7931°W / 41.3412; -75.7931
 • 海拔540英尺（160公尺）
流域面積350 sq mi（910 km2）[5]
本貌
長度42 mi（68 km）[5]
特徵
右岸支流Roaring Brook[16][17]

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Craft, David. History of Scranton, Penn: With Full Outline of the Natural Advantages, Accounts of the Indian Tribes, Early Settlements, Connecticut's Claim to the Wyoming Valley, the Trenton Decree, Down to the Present Time. Dayton: United Brethren Publishing House. 1891: 34 [1 December 2014]. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Craft. p. 18.
  3. ^ Mahr, August C. Practical Reasons for Algonkian Indian Stream and Place Names. Ohio Journal of Science (Ohio Academy of Science). November 1959, 59 (6): 368. hdl:1811/4658. 
  4. ^ Trumbull, J. Hammond. The Composition of Indian Geographical Names, Illustrated from the Algonkin Languages. Hartford: Press of Case, Lockwood & Brainard. 1870: 12 [1 December 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2012-11-09）. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 McGurl, Bernard. Arthur Popp , 編. The Lackawanna River Guide (PDF) (報告). Daniel Townsend, PhD, Len Gorney, Dominic Totaro, Jack McDonough, Pamela Lomax, Deilsie Heath Kulesa 2. The Lackawanna River Corridor Association: 1. 2002 [17 November 2014]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2016-03-05）. 
  6. ^ McGurl. p. 2.
  7. ^ Bone Pond. Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. 2 August 1979 [1 December 2014]. 
  8. ^ Dunn Pond. Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. 2 August 1979 [1 December 2014]. 
  9. ^ Independent Lake. Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. 2 August 1979 [1 December 2014]. 
  10. ^ Lake Lorain. Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. 2 August 1979 [1 December 2014]. 
  11. ^ East Branch Lackawanna River. Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. 2 August 1979 [1 December 2014]. 
  12. ^ Fiddle Lake. Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. 2 August 1979 [1 December 2014]. 
  13. ^ Lewis Lake. Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. 2 August 1979 [1 December 2014]. 
  14. ^ Lowe Lake. Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. 2 August 1979 [1 December 2014]. 
  15. ^ West Branch Lackawanna River. Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. 2 August 1979 [1 December 2014]. 
  16. ^ Roaring Brook. Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. 2 August 1979 [1 December 2014]. 
  17. ^ McGurl. p. 20.
  18. ^ U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, accessed August 8, 2011
  19. ^ Gannett, Henry. The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Government Printing Office. 1905: 178 [2018-01-17]. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-23）. 

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