维纳斯和罗马神庙
维纳斯和罗马神庙(Templum Veneris et Romae)是已知最大的古罗马神庙,位于古罗马广场的最东端,靠近罗马斗兽场,崇拜对象是幸运女神维纳斯和永恒的罗马(Roma Aeterna)。建筑师是哈德良皇帝。神庙始建于121年,135年哈德良皇帝正式揭幕,141年安托宁皮尤斯完成。307年毁于大火,马克森提皇帝加以重建。
维纳斯和罗马神庙 | |
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Templum Veneris et Romae | |
概要 | |
地点 | 意大利罗马古罗马广场 |
坐标 | 41°53′27″N 12°29′23″E / 41.89089°N 12.48975°E |
竣工日 | 公元141年 |
地图 | |
这座神庙修建在尼禄皇帝金宫(Domus Aurea)的地基上,尼禄巨像(Colossus)也迁往剧场(不久建成斗兽场)附近。哈德良拥有建筑技能。
9世纪初严重的地震再次摧毁了神庙。大约850年教宗利奥四世下令在神庙遗址上新建圣母新堂(Santa Maria Nova)。1612年大规模重建后改名为圣方济加堂(Santa Francesca Romana),纳入罗马cella 作为钟楼。
参考资料
- Lorenzatti, Sandro. Vicende del tempio di Venere e Roma nel Medioevo e nel Rinascimento. Rivista dell’Istituto Nazionale di Archeologia e storia dell’Arte. 1990, (13): pp. 119–138.
延伸阅读
- Boatwright, Mary Taliaferro. 1987. Hadrian and the City of Rome. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
- Brown, Frank Edward. 1964. “Hadrianic Architecture.” In Essays in Memory of Karl Lehmann, Edited by Lucy F. Sandler. Marsyas, Stud. in the Hist. of Art Suppl.; I, 55-58. New York: Inst. of Fine Arts New York Univ.
- Henderson, L. E. 1936. “The Temple of Venus and Roma.” The Classical Bulletin CII: 1-62.
- Lorenzatti, Sandro. Vicende del tempio di Venere e Roma nel Medioevo e nel Rinascimento. Rivista dell'Istituto Nazionale di Archeologia e storia dell'Arte. 1990, (13): 119–138.
- Jacobson, David M. 1986. “Hadrianic Architecture and Geometry.” American Journal of Archaeology XC: 69-85.
- Ng, Diana Y. and Molly Swetnam-Burland eds. 2018. Reuse and Renovation in Roman Material Culture: Functions, Aesthetics, Interpretations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Stamper, John. 2005. The Architecture of Roman Temples: The Republic to the Middle Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
- Ziemssen, Hauke. 2006. “Maxentius and the City of Rome: Imperial Building Policy in an Urban Context.” In Common Ground : Archaeology, Art, Science, and Humanities: Proceedings of the XVIth International Congress of Classical Archaeology, Boston, August 23-26, 2003, Edited by Carol C. Mattusch, Alice A. Donohue, and Amy Brauer, 400-404. Oxford: Oxbow Books.