月球熔岩管

月球熔岩管月球表面之下由玄武岩质熔岩流动而形成的通道。当熔岩管的表面冷却以后会硬化形成顶部,而底下则是有岩浆流动的管状区域。一旦熔岩流减少,这样的管道就会成为空无一物的通道。月球熔岩管的坡度范围在0.4-6.5°之间[3],并且在重力不稳定塌陷前宽度可能达到500米,不过熔岩管可能会因为月震或陨石撞击而被破坏[4]

静海深坑疑似是月球熔岩管入口,预计洞穴内的恒定温度约为-13℃[1][2]

在月球上同时有月溪和熔岩管的一个典型区域就是马利厄斯丘陵[3]。2008年日本的月球探测器辉夜姬宣布在该区域发现了熔岩管的开口[5]哈德里月溪可能有部分区域原是熔岩通道,但有部分区域坍塌[6]澄海可能也有熔岩管的存在[7][8][9][10]

月球的熔岩管也许可以作为人类未来在月球居住区域的遮蔽物。直径大于300米的熔岩管也许存在,并且深度40米以下的玄武岩质熔岩管也许温度会是稳定的−20℃[2]。这些天然通道可以作为宇宙线陨石微流星体和撞击事件的喷发物的屏蔽物。而熔岩管和月球表面的温度变化隔绝,可以成为稳定的居住环境[11]。月球熔岩管一般是沿着月海和高地的边缘存在,因此在较高区域可以用来进行通讯,而玄武岩质平原将可以作为太空载具登陆地点和使用月球土壤进行耕作和采矿[12]

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ Horvath T, Hayne PO. 月球坑和熔岩管内的热环境及光照. 美国地球物理学会秋季会议摘要. December 2018, 2018: P12A–06. Bibcode:2018AGUFM.P12A..06H (英语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 York, Cheryl Lynn; et al, Lunar lava tube sensing, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Joint Workshop on New Technologies for Lunar Resource Assessment: 51–52, December 1992, Bibcode:1992ntlr.work...51Y 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Greeley, Ronald, Lava Tubes and Channels in the Lunar Marius Hills, The Moon, December 1971, 3 (3): 289–314, Bibcode:1971Moon....3..289G, doi:10.1007/BF00561842 
  4. ^ Cruikshank, D. P.; Wood, C. A., Lunar Rilles and Hawaiian Volcanic Features: Possible Analogues, The Moon, March 1972, 3 (4): 412–447, Bibcode:1972Moon....3..412C, doi:10.1007/BF00562463 
  5. ^ Handwerk, Brian, First Moon "Skylight" Found -- Could House Lunar Base?, National Geographic, October 26, 2009 [2011-01-27], (原始内容存档于2011-10-10) 
  6. ^ Greeley, Ronald, Lunar Hadley Rille: Considerations of Its Origin, Science, May 1971, 172 (3984): 722–725, Bibcode:1971Sci...172..722G, doi:10.1126/science.172.3984.722 
  7. ^ Coombs, Cassandra R.; Hawke, B. Ray, A search for intact lava tubes on the Moon: Possible lunar base habitats, In NASA. Johnson Space Center, The Second Conference on Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century (SEE N93-17414 05-91) 1: 219–229, September 1992, Bibcode:1992lbsa.conf..219C 
  8. ^ Scientists eye moon colonies — in the holes on the lunar surface, Daily News, [13 October 2011], (原始内容存档于2011-07-14) 
  9. ^ Spelunking the Lunar Landscape, [13 October 2011], (原始内容存档于2010-03-07) 
  10. ^ Very Clever! LRO Views Huge Lava Tube Skylight in Mare Ingenii, Universe Today, [13 October 2011], (原始内容存档于2010-06-22) 
  11. ^ De Angelis, G.; et al, Lunar Lava Tubes Radiation Safety Analysis, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, November 2001, 33: 1037, Bibcode:2001DPS....33.1003D 
  12. ^ Walden, Bryce E.; et al, Utility of Lava Tubes on Other Worlds, Workshop on Using In Situ resources for Construction of Planetary Outposts: 16, January 1998, Bibcode:1998uisr.work...16W 

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