尼古丁取代疗法
尼古丁取代疗法(英语:Nicotine replacement therapy,简称:NRT)是一种治疗方式,目的是用尼古丁渐进式地取代香烟。[2] 用于帮助人们戒烟或嚼食烟草。[1][3] 使用尼古丁取代疗法可以增加50%到70%的戒烟成功率。[4] 通常还会配合行为治疗法使用。 尼古丁取代疗法除了协助戒烟外,也用于治疗溃疡性结肠炎。尼古丁取代疗法有许多形式:包括尼古丁贴片、口香糖、喉锭、鼻喷剂以及吸入剂型。[1] 同时使用不同方式的尼古丁取代疗法,也许能增加疗效。[5][6]
临床资料 | |
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商品名 | Nicoderm, Commit, Nicorette, other[1] |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
识别信息 | |
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CAS号 | 54-11-5 |
成瘾是常见的副作用之一。 嚼食尼古丁口香糖的常见副作用是恶心、打嗝和口中的刺激感;使用尼古丁贴片则容易造成皮肤刺激和口干舌燥;使用吸入剂型则会造成咳嗽、流鼻水或头痛。较严重的副作用包括尼古丁中毒和无法戒断。[1] 目前认为并不会增加心肌梗塞的几率。[4] 如果在怀孕期间使用,可能对胎儿造成伤害。[1][7] 尼古丁取代疗法的原理是借由降低对于尼古丁的渴求来戒除烟瘾。[1][8]
尼古丁取代疗法于1984年在美国被核准使用。[1] 尼古丁取代疗法是世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单中的一部分,是基层健康卫生系统中非常重要的药物。[9] 目前已有许多学名药物 。[1] 在美国,使用贴片或尼古丁口香糖,每个月需要花费100到200美金,其他型态的尼古丁取代疗法,则相对更为昂贵。[10]
参考文献
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Nicotine. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [Dec 2015]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-18).
- ^ Jain, R; Majumder, P; Gupta, T. Pharmacological intervention of nicotine dependence.. BioMed research international. 2013, 2013: 278392. PMID 24490153.
- ^ Smith, KD; Scott, MA; Ketterman, E; Smith, PO. Clinical inquiries. What interventions can help patients stop using chewing tobacco?. The Journal of family practice. April 2005, 54 (4): 368–9. PMID 15833231.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Stead, LF; Perera, R; Bullen, C; Mant, D; Hartmann-Boyce, J; Cahill, K; Lancaster, T. Stead, Lindsay F , 编. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2012-11-14, 11: CD000146. PMID 23152200. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub4.
- ^ McDonough, M. Update on medicines for smoking cessation.. Australian prescriber. August 2015, 38 (4): 106–11. PMID 26648633.
Evidence suggests that combinations of nicotine replacement therapy may be more effective than using a single formulation
- ^ Cahill, K; Stevens, S; Perera, R; Lancaster, T. Pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2013-05-31, 5: CD009329. PMID 23728690.
Combination NRT also outperformed single formulations
- ^ De Long, NE; Barra, NG; Hardy, DB; Holloway, AC. Is it safe to use smoking cessation therapeutics during pregnancy?. Expert opinion on drug safety. December 2014, 13 (12): 1721–31. PMID 25330815.
- ^ Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation or Reduction: A Review of the Clinical Evidence. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. 2014-01-16. PMID 24741730.
- ^ WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013 [2014-04-22]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-04-11).
- ^ Hamilton, Richart. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2015: 441. ISBN 9781284057560.