維基百科

用戶:CHih-See Hsie/亞美尼亞旅遊業

< User:CHih-See Hsie
霍爾維拉普及阿勒山

Tourism in Armenia has been a key sector to the Armenian economy since the 1990s when tourist numbers exceeded half a million people visiting the country every year (mostly ethnic Armenians from the Diaspora). The Armenian Ministry of Economy reports that most international tourists come from Russia, EU states, the United States and Iran.[1] Though relatively small in size, Armenia has four UNESCO world heritage sites.


亞美尼亞旅遊業自20世紀90年代以來已經成為亞美尼亞經濟一大關鍵部門，每年造訪該國的旅客超過五十萬人，其中多數為居於海外的亞美尼亞僑民。亞國經濟部的報告顯示訪亞外國旅客多數來自俄羅斯、歐盟國家、美國及伊朗。儘管該國體量相對較小，其擁有四個世界遺產點。

2003年至2015年間亞美尼亞國際入境旅遊收入，以美元折算。數據來自世界銀行

Despite internal and external problems, the number of incoming tourists has been continually increasing since 2007. 2019 saw a record high of over 1.9 million inbound tourists. Most tourists focus their trip in Yerevan, the capital, where the majority of travel agencies, attractions and hotels are located.


雖然亞美尼亞內外皆遇窘境，其入境旅客數自2007年來持續增長。2019年訪亞旅客高達190萬人，為歷史新高。多數旅客的旅行目的地在於首都埃里溫，亞國旅行社、景點及酒店主要位於其地。


Outdoor activities, sightseeing and nature tourism seem to be the primary attractions. Tsaghkadzor, Jermuk, Dilijan are known as mountainous resorts, which are outside of the capital. Tourists stay at the hotels of those towns in order to engage in extended trips over all Armenia without returning to Yerevan every day. The classical sightseeing trips to Armenia are popular not only among tourists, but also with the local population. Mountaineering, camping, hiking and other kinds of outdoor activities are also common.


該國旅遊業中戶外活動、觀光及自然旅遊似為主要吸引點。位於首都之外的薩卡索、傑爾穆克及迪利然為知名的山區度假勝地。遊客於亞美尼亞全境長途旅行時可留宿此類城鎮的酒店中，不必每日往返埃里溫。亞美尼亞經典的觀光旅行不但受遊客歡迎，也得本國人青睞。登山、露營、遠足及其他戶外活動同樣普遍。

History歷史

Since 20152015年至今

In February 2020, the UN's World Tourism Organization reported that Armenia is one of the world’s fastest growing tourist destinations according to the latest statistics. Armenia ranked 12th with 14.4% growth in the list of 20 fastest growing countries for tourism, according to data gathered.[2]


2020年2月，聯合國世界旅遊組織出具報告，依最新統計，亞美尼亞為世界增長最快的旅遊目的地之一。從所收集數據分析，亞美尼亞旅遊業增長14.4%，於二十個旅遊業增長最快的國家中名列第十二位。[2]

根據2019年旅行及觀光競爭力報告，於「酒店價格指數」[註 1]一項中亞美尼亞位列第七，同時在簽證要求對遊客友好程度上排名歐洲第三，表現優秀。[3]總體而言亞美尼亞於參比之140國中列於第79位，不過此排名之計算包含一些具爭議的計分項，其爭議在於與國家大小有關（如一國大型體育場館的數量等）、使用過時數據評估（如航班班次數據使用2014年統計者）及某些數據並不適用（如對內陸國也評估港口基建之品質）等。[4]於140國中亞美尼亞在其他項目的排名有：「有利環境」排名第50位，「旅行及觀光政策和有利條件」排名第74位，「基礎設施」第81位，「自然和文化資源」第103位。[5]

2019年7月，亞美尼亞央行主席阿爾圖爾·賈瓦江（亞美尼亞語：Արթուր Ջավադյան，羅馬化：Artowr J̌avadyan）發表聲明，指從2013年至2018年遊客的平均支出增長超過17%，過去六年有大約三百家酒店新開營業。[6]2018年，該國來自國際旅遊業之收入達12億美元，平均到國民則每人413美元。就人均而言亞國國際旅遊收入高於土耳其及阿塞拜疆，但低於格魯吉亞。[7][8]


French magazine Le Quotidien mentioned Armenia as the most trending destination of 2020.[9]


盧森堡法文報紙《日報》（Le Quotidien）於2019年提及亞美尼亞為2020年最為熱門的旅遊目的地，[9]繽客網亦將亞國首都埃里溫列為2020年十大最熱門目的地之一。[10][11]2019年10月，瑞安航空行政總裁宣佈在亞美尼亞和數個歐洲城市之間新開航線，表示亞美尼亞已成為增長最快的歐洲人旅遊目的地之一。[12]福布斯雜誌將亞美尼亞列為2019年一大最為經濟的旅遊目的地，[13]同時CNN也以埃里溫為歐洲最美的二十座城市之一。[14]2016年，《每日電訊報》評論亞美尼亞為「歐洲未有示人的最好秘境」。[15]


Yerevan is included in Booking.com's top 10 trending destinations for 2020.[10][11]


In October 2019, chief executive of Ryanair stated that Armenia has become one of Europe's fastest growing tourist destinations, during an announcement of launching new Ryanair flight routes between several European cities and Armenia.[12]

As per the 2019 Travel and Tourism competitiveness report, Armenia scored 7th-best in the world on the Hotel Price Index.[3] It also scored 3rd-best in Europe on tourist-friendly visa requirements.[3] Overall, Armenia scored 79th of 140 countries. Calculation of overall scores includes some controversial subcategories related to country size (e.g. number of large sports stadiums), estimates based on old data (like 2014 data for aircraft departures) and non-applicable data (in case of landlocked Armenia - quality of ports infrastructure).[4] Out of 140 countries Armenia ranked: 50 on Enabling Environment Subindex, 74 on Travel & Tourism Policy and Enabling Conditions Subindex, 81 on Infrastructure Subindex, 103 on Natural and Cultural Resources and Business Travel Subindex.[5]

Forbes Magazine listed Armenia among top budget travel destinations for 2019.[13] Meanwhile, CNN has ranked Armenia's capital Yerevan as one of the top 20 most beautiful European cities.[14]

In July 2019, the chairman of the Central Bank of Armenia, Artur Javadyan, stated that the average spending of tourists had increased by more than 17 per cent from 2013 to 2018 and roughly 300 new hotels opened over the last six years.[6]

In 2018, receipts from international tourism amounted to $1.2 billion or $413 per capita. In per capita terms Armenia was ahead of Turkey and Azerbaijan, but behind Georgia.[7][8]

In 2016, The Daily Telegraph rated Armenia as "Europe's best kept secret".[15]

Currently, the majority of tourists arriving in Armenia are from the member states of the European Union, CIS countries including Russia and Kazakhstan,[16] and also from Georgia, Iran, the United States and increasingly from Asia, in particular China, Japan,[17] South Korea, the Philippines and India.[18][19][20] In addition, due to ongoing cultural and education system reforms, thousands of students from India, Iran and Arabic countries started to visit Armenia in order to study in the main universities of Yerevan, especially at the Yerevan State Medical University, promoting further tourism.


截至2018年，訪問亞美尼亞的旅客主要來自歐洲聯盟成員國、含俄羅斯和哈薩克斯坦在內的獨聯體國家，[16]也來自格魯吉亞、伊朗及美國，同時從亞洲國家尤以中國、日本、[17]韓國、菲律賓及印度來游者也日益增多。[18][19][20]

Armenia also has the capability to hold both regional political and large-scale international conferences and events. For example, Armenia hosted the Plenary meeting of the Euronest Parliamentary Assembly in 2015 as well as ongoing Eastern Partnership and CIS conferences. In October 2018, Armenia hosted the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie Summit for the first time, where representatives of 54 countries participated. In November 2018, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation was held in Yerevan.[21] In September 2019, Armenia hosted the European Heritage Days,[22] Armenia also hosted the 2019 UEFA European Under-19 Championship in July and the World Information Technology and Services Alliance Congress for the first time, in which 2000 delegates from around 83 countries participated.[23] Also in 2019, Armenia hosted the Eurasian Economic Union Summit in Yerevan, the CSTO Parliamentary Assembly, as well as the Summit of Minds international conference, making Armenia the first country to host the event outside of France.[24][25]

In August 2020, the President of Armenia, Armen Sarksyan, announced that Armenia will host the sixth Starmus Festival from September 6 to 11, 2021. The event will be sponsored by the President himself, as well as, the Ministry of Education and Science. The event will bring together world-class scientists, artists, astronauts, and the general public to celebrate science communication and to share latest discoveries in a number of scientific fields.[26][27]

2000-2015

Since the 2000s, a new page for Armenian tourism was opened. Diaspora Armenians from Russia, United States, Lebanon, France and other countries increasingly visited Armenia to see their independent homeland and free Artsakh. Also many foreigners from Europe and the United States started viewing Armenia as a tourist destination.

In addition, the increasing of visitors of Persians, Kurds and Iranian Azerbaijanis was a new concept for tourism in Armenia.[28] Middle Eastern tourists started visiting Armenia since the 1990s, but in the 2000s visiting Armenia became more popular, especially for Iranians. Many Iranians enjoy celebrating Nowruz (Iranian New Year) in Armenia, which is held on the 21 March, and spend their summer and winter vacations in a country free of religious restrictions and greater freedoms. The number of tourists visiting Artsakh has seen increases as well.

In 2011 there were 128 hotels, 102 camps, 31 holiday homes, 19 tour bases in Armenia - for 98,500 people overall. Since 2012 new hotels were built in Armenia, and the old ones were reconstructed. ″Tufenkian″ hotels (in Yerevan, Tsapatagh, Dzoraget and Dilijan), ″National″, ″Paris″ hotels were built in Yerevan, ″Nairi″ and ″Silachi″ hotels were reopened, ″Marriott″ opened the second hotel in Tsaghkadzor, and in 2013 ″Hyatt″ opened two hotels - in Jermuk and Yerevan, Golden Palace was opened in Tsaghkadzor, later two more hotels - Opera Suite Hotel and Radisson Blu were opened in Yerevan. These were the best hotels, with 4 or 5 stars.

The number of visitors to Armenia increases also due to festivals and international competitions. Examples include, the annual Golden Apricot international film festival, the annual Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity award shows, the 2011 Junior Eurovision Song Contest hosted in Armenia, the Birthright Armenia Program in which thousands of schoolchildren and students worldwide visit Armenia, and every four years, the Pan-Armenian Games are hosted in Armenia, in which thousands of competitors from across the Armenian Diaspora compete in various sporting events.

 
Hotel Yerevan, established in 1926 and formerly named "Intourist".

Soviet and transitional period

During Soviet times (1922-1991) many citizens of the Soviet republics visited Soviet Armenia. They came mainly for work or pleasure. The new hotels were famous not only for the tourists, but also local population. The most popular hotels of Yerevan were "Hotel Armenia" (now Armenia Marriott Hotel Yerevan), "Intourist" (became "Yerevan Hotel" in 1959 and currently known as Grand Hotel Yerevan), and "Ani Hotel" (now Ani Plaza Hotel). The latter was built in 1970 for the 50th anniversary of Armenian SSR and was called after the medieval capital of Bagratid Armenia, Ani.

New hotels such as the "Youth Palace", "Dvin", "Shirak" and others were built in Yerevan in 1980s. Dilijan, Tsaghkadzor, Sevan, Arzni, Vanadzor, and Jermuk became famous resorts of summer vacations. Hotels and holiday homes were built in those towns as well. Besides the Armenian railways, which became twice as long, hundreds of kilometers of highways were built in Armenia. Erebuni and Zvartnots international airports, and also local airports in the towns of Berd, Stepanavan, Tashir, Gyumri, Sisian, Jermuk, Goris, Kapan and Meghri in the second half of 20th century were developed.

Tourism in Armenia declined 1990s because of the Spitak earthquake, the first Nagorno-Karabakh War and Armenian energy crisis. Armenian railways closed with neighboring Turkey and Azerbaijan, and Armenia rail lines only remained connected with the Georgian railways. The only airport which worked permanently, was Zvartnots, as Erebuni became a military airport. The eastern and western borders with Azerbaijan and Turkey remain closed.

Before WWI

 
Hotel de Londres, Yerevan, 1891

The inhabitants of neighboring and overseas countries were always interested in Armenia, since it had a rich history and unique culture. Hotels and caravanserais were built in Armenia since the Middle Ages. They were provided for the travelers and the traders of the Great Silk Way.

Tourism infrastructure began to develop in Armenia in the modern era. Since the end of 19th century the Armenian provinces of Russian Empire (Yerevan and Elisabethpol governorates and Kars province) were connected by railway and telegraph with the other parts of Transcaucasia, the central parts of the empire and the neighboring countries of that state. In the beginning of 20th century new railroads and causeways were built, including better infrastructure and telephone lines. In the main cities of Yerevan, Shushi, Alexandropol (Gyumri) and Kars building process of hotels started.

Government regulation

The tourism sector is regulated by the Tourism Committee,[29] a department of the Ministry of Economy.

Statistics

Tourists in Armenia[30]
Year Number %±
2007 510,000 -
2008 588,000 + 15%
2009 575,000 - 2%
2010 678,000 + 18%
2011 758,000 + 12%
2012 844,000 + 11%
2013 1,082,000 + 28%
2014 1,204,000 + 11%
2015 1,192,000 - 1%
2016[31] 1,259,657 + 6%
2017[31] 1,494,779 + 18.7%
2018[32] 1,651,782 + 10.5%
2019[33] 1,932,230 + 15%

In 2019 the number of incoming tourists increased by 15% to 1.93 million visitors.

Country rank in 2017 Country Share of arriving visitors in 2016[1] Share of arriving visitors in 2017[1]
  歐洲聯盟 countries together 25.8% 21.3%
1   俄羅斯 21.7% 20.3%
2   伊朗 17.0% 14.2%
3   美國 9.6% 13.6%
Arrival purpose Share of arriving visitors in 2016[1] Share of arriving visitors in 2017[1]
Business travel 31.9% 23.9%
Recreation 49.8% 52.8%
Other 18.3% 23.3%

Safety

Safety Index 2020 published by Numbeo ranks Armenia as 9th safest country in the world, at par with Switzerland.[34]

Armenia ranked 94th on the Global Terrorism Index of 2019, better than nearly all Western European and Scandinavian countries (except for Portugal, Switzerland, Norway and Denmark). Armenia and Kazakhstan had the largest improvements in the Eurasia region.[35]

Armenia is among the world's safest countries according to Gallup International's 2019 Law and Order report. Based on the outcomes of the survey aiming to identify the Countries/Areas Most Likely to Feel Safe, Armenia is ranked the 7th on the list of the 18 states appearing in the top positions. An estimated 89% of the respondents said they feel absolutely safe in Armenia. The country has thus shared the 6th-7th positions with Switzerland. In the main ranking, Armenia shares the 11th position along with countries like France, Ireland, Sweden and Japan.[36][37]

The U.S. confirms Armenia is safe for traveling, advising to "exercise normal precautions".[38]

Australia also advises "Exercise normal safety precautions in Armenia".[39]

Air travel

參見：List of airports in Armenia、List of the busiest airports in Armenia和List of airlines of Armenia

Regulation and statistics

Air traffic is regulated by the Civil Aviation Committee.

An agreement on "Comprehensive Air Transportation" was initiated with the EU, the ratification of which will liberalize Armenian market for all EU member states and introduce EU criteria ensuring predictable business for airlines.[40]

The number of tourists arriving in the country by air transportation has been increasing yearly.[30] In 2018, passenger flow at the two main airports of Armenia reached a record high of 2,856,673 million people. At the end of 2019, this figure further increased, surpassing 3,000,000 passengers for the first time.[41]

Airports

 
Yerevan Zvartnots International Airport.

The main airports used for commercial aviation are Yerevan's Zvartnots Airport and Gyumri's Shirak Airport.

Reconstruction of currently defunct Syunik Airport near the town Kapan is in final stage. About 2 km long runway is widened to 40 m and a new passenger terminal is constructed.[來源請求] Flights are expected to start in spring 2020. Round trip flight to Yerevan should cost 40.000 drams allowing easy access of tourists to southern Armenia and Artsakh.[42][43]

Airlines

In October 2019 Ryanair begun selling tickets to Yerevan and Gyumri.[44] WizzAir announced flights from Vienna and Vilnius commencing in April 2020.[45] AirBaltic scheduled to resume flights to Yerevan in May 2020.[46]

During June 2016 - August 2021 thirteen airlines began operating flights to Armenia and two have resumed flights:[40] Armenia Aircompany, Brussels Airlines, Qatar Airways, Cham Wings, Air Cairo, Red Wings, Nordwind Airlines, Pobeda, Belavia (resumed flights), Czech Airlines (resumed flights), WizzAir, Ryanair, Eurowings, Condor (airline), and Lufthansa.

Also during June 2016 - August 2021 the following destinations were connected with direct flights to Armenia: Doha, Berlin, Prague, Tel Aviv, Damascus, Aleppo, Sharm El Sheikh, Frankfurt, Cologne, Nur-Sultan, Milan, Rome.

Sports and extreme activities

In 2011 the journal ″National Geographic Traveler″ qualified Armenia not only a historical and cultural, but also extreme touristic county.[47]

Armenia has 85.9% mountain area, more than Switzerland or Nepal,[48] opening large possibilities for active travelers.

Armenia has various offers for tourists interested in sports and extreme activities - such as skiing,[49] mountaineering, camping , hiking,[50] speleology tours,[51] paragliding, zipline,[52][53][54] balloon flights, helicopter tours and the current longest reversible aerial tramway in the world.[55]

主條目：Paragliding in Armenia

Armenia has favorable conditions for paragliding in independent and tandem flights. Owing to the height and rugged landscape, the country has various micro climates, creating perfect circumstances for paragliding. The first paragliding flights were held by the members of "Small Aviation Club of Armenia" in 1996. Later, in 2008, Armenian Paragliding Sport Federation was founded. Currently AVIS club[56] and Sky club[57] are most active. They organize competitions, paragliding learning courses nowadays and tandem flights with flying season lasting from May to November. Tandem and free flights are mostly launched at mountains near Hatis, Aparan and Lake Sevan. Depending on the weather conditions tandem flights last up to 20 minutes.[58]

Ecotourism

Armenia is also a burgeoning ecotourism destination, with activities such as agrotourism, rural life experiences, rafting and biking. Popular ecotourism destinations include the villages of Kalavan, Urtsadzor; eco-lodging spots like Yenokavan, Lastiver and others.[59]

UNESCO World Heritage Sites

參見：List of World Heritage Sites in Armenia

There are some objects in Armenia which are in the official list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites:

Site Name Year It Became A WHS City
Monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin 1996 Haghpat
The Cathedral and Churches of Echmiadzin and the Archaeological Site of Zvartnots 2000 Vagharshapat
Monastery of Geghard and the Upper Azat Valley 2000 Goght

There are also four tentative World Heritage Sites in Armenia:

The archaeological site of the city of Dvin, the basilica and archaeological site of Yererouk, the monasteries of Tatev and Tatevi, and the monastery of Noravank and the upper Amaghou Valley.[60]

See also

References

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  57. ^ HOME. "SKY CLUB" Paragliding in Armenia. [2019-11-21] （美國英語）. 
  58. ^ Paragliding in Armenia • Arara Tour. Araratour.com. [2017-12-14]. 
  59. ^ Ecotourism in Armenia • Bumpylands. bumpylands.com. [2019-08-25]. 
  60. ^ Armenia - World Heritage Site - Pictures, info and travel reports. www.worldheritagesite.org. [2015-11-26]. 
 
維基導遊上的相關旅行指南：Armenia

Template:World Heritage Sites in Armenia Template:Tourism Template:Tourism in Asia Template:Tourism in Europe Template:Armenia topics

[[Category:Tourism in Armenia| ]] [[Category:Tourism in Europe by country|Armenia]] [[Category:Tourism in Asia by country|Armenia]]
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