翼腭窩
在人類解剖學中，翼腭窩（pterygopalatine fossa，或sphenopalatine fossa）為人類顱骨中一個窩狀構造。翼腭窩共有一對，為顳下窩內側的一個圓錐狀凹窩。該窩位於上頜骨後方[1]。翼腭窩位於翼上頜裂內側，通往蝶腭孔，可通向鼻腔、口腔、顳下窩、眼眶，及咽，另有8個孔通向中顱窩[2]。
| 翼腭窩 | |
|---|---|
 左上頜竇外面觀 | |
 人類頭骨，紫色部分為翼腭窩 | |
| 標識字符 | |
| 拉丁文 | fossa pterygopalatina |
| MeSH | D056739 |
| TA98 | A02.1.00.025 |
| TA2 | 429 |
| FMA | FMA:75309 |
| 格雷氏 | p.166 |
| 《骨骼解剖學術語》 [在維基數據上編輯] | |
翼腭窩向外通顳下窩，向前藉眶下裂通眶，向內藉腭骨與蝶骨圍成的蝶腭孔通鼻腔，向後藉圓孔通顱中窩，藉翼管通顱底外面，向下移行至腭大管，繼而經腭大孔通口腔。
解剖
邊界
下列為翼腭窩的邊界：
- 前界：顳下窩內上部分。
- 後界：翼突根部，必毗鄰蝶骨大翼前緣。
- 內界：腭骨垂直板及蝶骨突
- 外界：翼上頜裂
- 下界：part of the floor is formed by the pyramidal process of the palatine bone.
途徑
下列構造會經過翼腭窩：
| 方向 | 途經 | 連接到 |
|---|---|---|
| 後 | 顱圓孔 | 中顱窩 |
| 翼管 (Vidian) | 中顱窩、顱裂孔 | |
| palatovaginal canal (pharyngeal) | nasal cavity/nasopharynx | |
| 前 | 下眶裂 | orbit |
| 內 | sphenopalatine foramen | nasal cavity |
| 外 | pterygomaxillary fissure | infratemporal fossa |
| 下 | greater palatine canal (pterygopalatine) | oral cavity, |
功能
翼腭窩內包含
- the pterygopalatine ganglion suspended by nerve roots from the maxillary nerve
- the terminal third of the maxillary artery
- the maxillary nerve (CN V2, the second division of the trigeminal nerve), with which is the nerve of the pterygoid canal, a combination of the greater petrosal nerve (preganglionic parasympathetic) and the deep petrosal nerve (postganglionic sympathetic). To obtain block anesthesia of the entire second division of the trigeminal nerve, an intraoral injection can be administered into this area.
參見
本條目使用了部分解剖術語。
其他圖像
-
Alveolar branches of superior maxillary nerve and pterygopalatine ganglion -
The pterygopalatine ganglion and its branches -
Pterygopalatine fossa in a dog -
Pterygopalatine fossa
參考文獻
- ^ Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck, Fehrenbach and Herring, Elsevier, 2012, page 69
- ^ Osborn, Anne. Radiology of the Pterygoid Plates and Pterygopalatine Fossa (PDF). AJR. March 1979, 132 (3): 389–394 [December 2012]. PMID 106641. doi:10.2214/ajr.132.3.389. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-08-01）.