表面紋理
表面紋理是物質界面的性質,由地形、表面粗糙度、起伏度三個特徵定義。[1]當表面並非理想地光滑,而是有局部的微小偏差時,這些偏差就組成了表面紋理。
表面紋理是決定摩擦力的重要因素,並在層間滑動時傳遞層的信息。對於不同滑動條件下表面紋理對摩擦力和磨損的影響,有可觀的研究。表面紋理可以是各向同性的,也可以是各向異性的。當表面具有某些紋理時,在滑動中能觀察到粘滑摩擦現象。
Each manufacturing process (such as the many kinds of machining) produces a surface texture. The process is usually optimized to ensure that the resulting texture is usable. If necessary, an additional process will be added to modify the initial texture. The latter process may be grinding (abrasive cutting), polishing, lapping, abrasive blasting, honing, electrical discharge machining (EDM), milling, lithography, industrial etching/chemical milling, laser texturing, or other processes.
原流程圖來自英文維基百科,這裏對其表格化。
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success
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Can you stay cool?
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Yes
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前項結束後開始後項
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shower them with wikilove
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Are they being disruptive?
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Yes
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No
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report them to an administrator
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Are they sock puppeting?
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Yes
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No
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report them to an administrator
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前項結束後開始後項
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shower them with wikilove
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If they have lost their cool
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try to form a consensus on the talk page
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If a consensus has not been formed
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shower them with wikilove
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前項結束後開始後項
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shower them with wikilove
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seek feedback from wikiquette alerts
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前項結束後開始後項
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shower them with wikilove
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seek an editor review of yourself
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Should your behavior change?
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Yes
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change your behavior
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No
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begin dispute resolution
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No
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take a wikibreak
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嘗試用鐵路系統標示將數學式的推導可視化
加法
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top-down
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bottom-up
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a+b
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a+b+c
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(a+b)+c
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a+b+c+d
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(a+b)+(c+d)
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(a+b)+(c+d)
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+
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+
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+
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a...b
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c...d
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a...b
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c...d
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+
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+
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+
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(a+b)+(c+d)
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((a+b)+c)+d
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((a+b)+c)+d
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+
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+
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d
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+
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c
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a
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b
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a
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b
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+
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c
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+
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d
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+
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((a+b)+c)+d
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運算定律
加零 |
相反數相加 |
加法交換律 |
加法結合律
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b
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c
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a
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+
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+
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+
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+
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c
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a
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b
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+
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a
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b...c
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減法
同加法,只要把 b 換成 -b 即可。
乘法
同加法,只要把 + 換成 * 即可。
運算定律
乘零 |
乘一 |
倒數相乘 (a≠0) |
乘法交換律 |
乘法結合律 |
乘法分配律
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b
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c
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a
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*
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*
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*
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*
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c
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a
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b
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*
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a
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b...c
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b
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c
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a
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+
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*
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+
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*
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*
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a...b
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a...c
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除法
同乘法,只要把 b 換成 /b 即可。
複合運算的簡寫
平方和的開方 |
平方差的開方
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sqrt(a^2+b^2+c^2)
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sqrt(_^2+_^2+_^2)
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a
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b...c
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sqrt(a^2-b^2)
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sqrt(_^2-_^2)
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a
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b
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函數
微分和導數
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top-down
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bottom-up
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dx
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dx/dt
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d^2x/dt^2
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d^2x/dt^2
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d^2/dt
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x
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d/dt
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dx/dt
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d/dt
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x
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運算定律
和的微分 |
積的微分
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a
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b
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d
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*
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+
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*
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*
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b
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a
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d...a
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d...b
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質點力學
由於維基百科的蟲,內容已移至User:CaffeineP/課程筆記本/質點力學。
(考慮中)我將來可能將這些原創內容發到維基學院。
另見User:CaffeineP/數學式的推導(表格形式)。
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r
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v
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p
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a
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F
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a
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d/dr
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v
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d/dt...r
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d^2/dr^2
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r
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固定空間直角坐標系
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r
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+
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*...*
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*
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x...i...y
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j...z...k
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v
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d/dt
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r
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+
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*...*
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*
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x...i...y
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j...z...k
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+
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+...+
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+
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*...*...*
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*...*...*
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i...x...j
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y...k...z
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d/dt...x...d/dt...i...d/dt...y
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d/dt...j...d/dt...z...d/dt...k
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0
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0...0
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0
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0...0
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+
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*...*
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*
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i
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j...k
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d/dt...x...d/dt
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y...d/dt...z
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vx
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vy...vz
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v
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+
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*...*
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*
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i
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j...k
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d/dt...x...d/dt
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y...d/dt...z
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d/dt...x...d/dt
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y...d/dt...z
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p
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*
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m
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v
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*
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*...*
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*
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i
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j...k
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d/dt...x...d/dt
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y...d/dt...z
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px
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py...pz
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p
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*
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m
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+
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*...*
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*
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i
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j...k
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d/dt...x...d/dt
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y...d/dt...z
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*...*
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*
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m...m
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m
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d/dt...x...d/dt
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y...d/dt...z
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Template:BS-map
[[:#if:ax~~! !BHF\\\\\BHF\\\\\BHF~~ay...az
STRrg\STRq\STRq\ABZlr\STRq\STRq\STRq\STRq\ABZlr\STRq\STRq\STRq\STRq\ABZlr\STRq\STRq\STRlg
STR\\\\\\\\uBHF\\\\\\\\STR~~a
STR\\\\\\\\uLSTR\\\\\\\\STR
+~~! !STR\\\\\\\\uHST\\\\\\\\STR
STR\\\uSTRrg\uSTRq\uSTRq\uSTRq\uSTRq\uABZglr\uSTRq\uSTRq\uSTRq\uSTRq\uSTRlg\\\STR
- ...*~~! !STR\\\uHST\\\\\uHST\\\\\uHST\\\STR~~*
STR\\uSTRrg\uABZlr\uSTRlg\\\uSTRrg\uABZlr\uSTRlg\\\uSTRrg\uABZlr\uSTRlg\\STR
i~~! !STR\uSTRrg\uABZlr\uSTRlg\uBHF\\uSTRrg\uABZlr\uSTRlg\uBHF\\uSTRrg\uABZlr\uSTRlg\uBHF\\STR~~j...k
d^2/dt^2...x...d^2/dt^2~~! !STR\uHST\\uBHF\uSTR\\uHST\\uBHF\uSTR\\uHST\\uBHF\uSTR\\STR~~y...d^2/dt^2...z
STRlf\STRq\STRq\ABZ+lr\STRq\STRq\STRq\STRq\ABZ+lr\STRq\STRq\STRq\STRq\ABZ+lr\STRq\STRq\STRrf
STRrg\ABZlr\STRlg\\\STRrg\ABZlr\STRlg\\\STRrg\ABZlr\STRlg
d^2/dt^2...x...d^2/dt^2~~! !HST\\BHF\\\HST\\BHF\\\HST\\BHF~~y...d^2/dt^2...z]]
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固定平面直角坐標系
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單元格B
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單元格C
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單元格D
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單元格G
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固定平面極坐標系
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單元格B
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單元格C
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單元格D
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單元格G
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自然坐標系
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單元格B
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單元格C
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單元格D
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單元格G
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勻速平動參考系空間直角坐標系
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單元格B
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單元格C
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單元格D
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單元格G
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- ^ Degarmo, Black & Kohser 2003,第223頁 harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFDegarmoBlackKohser2003 (幫助).