細胞程式死亡-配體1

細胞程式死亡-配體1
已知的結構
PDB	直系同源搜尋: PDBe RCSB
PDBID列表
	3BIK、3BIS、3FN3、3SBW、4Z18、4ZQK、5C3T、5J89、5J8O
識別號
別名	CD274；, B7-H, B7H1, PD-L1, PDCD1L1, PDCD1LG1, PDL1, CD274 molecule, Programmed cell death ligand 1, hPD-L1
外部ID	OMIM：605402 MGI：1926446 HomoloGene：8560 GeneCards：CD274
為以下藥物的標靶
	度伐魯單抗
基因位置（人類）
染色體	9號染色體
終止	5,470,566 bp
基因位置（小鼠）
染色體	小鼠19號染色體
終止	29,365,495 bp
基因本體
分子功能	• 血漿蛋白結合;
細胞組分	• integral component of membrane; • 膜; • cell surface; • 外排體; • external side of plasma membrane; • 內膜系統; • 細胞膜; • early endosome membrane; • recycling endosome membrane; • 核內體;
生物學過程	• negative regulation of interleukin-10 production; • response to cytokine; • negative regulation of interferon-gamma production; • negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production; • positive regulation of cell migration; • T cell costimulation; • toxin transport; • negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation; • regulation of activated T cell proliferation; • cell surface receptor signaling pathway; • negative regulation of T cell proliferation; • regulation of T cell apoptotic process; • 免疫反應; • positive regulation of T cell proliferation; • 信號轉導; • regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process; • positive regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process; • positive regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell; • negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation; • immune system process; • negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation; • cellular response to lipopolysaccharide; • 適應性免疫;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
	29126
	60533
	ENSG00000120217
	ENSMUSG00000016496
	Q9NZQ7
	Q9EP73
	NM_001314029; NM_001267706; NM_014143
	NM_021893
	NP_001254635; NP_001300958; NP_054862
	NP_068693
	維基數據
檢視/編輯人類	檢視/編輯小鼠

細胞程式死亡-配體1（英語：Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1，PD-L1）也稱為表面抗原分化簇274（cluster of differentiation 274，CD274）或B7同源體1（B7 homolog 1，B7-H1），是人類體內的一種蛋白質，由CD274基因編碼。^[6]

PD-L1是大小為40k道爾頓的第一型跨膜蛋白，據信其在某些特殊情形（例如懷孕、組織移植、自體免疫疾病，以及諸如肝炎等某些疾病）下，免疫系統的抑制有關。正常情形下免疫系統會對聚集在淋巴結或脾臟的外來抗原產生反應，促發具抗原特異性的細胞毒性T細胞（CD8+ T細胞）增殖。而細胞程式死亡受體-1（PD-1）與細胞程式死亡-配體1（PD-L1）結合，可以傳導抑制性的信號，減低淋巴結CD8+ T細胞的增生，而且PD-1還可以藉由調節Bcl-2基因，控制淋巴結中抗原特異性T細胞的聚積。^[7]

目前發現PD-L1表現的增加可能使癌症逃避宿主免疫系統。在來自腎細胞癌患者的196份腫瘤標本進行的分析發現，PD-L1的表現增加與腫瘤侵襲性增加和死亡風險增加4.5倍有關^[8]。目前許多PD-L1抑製劑正在作為免疫腫瘤療法發展中，並在臨床試驗中顯示出良好的效果^[9]。臨床上可用的例子包括Durvalumab，atezolizumab和avelumab。^[10]在正常組織中，STAT3和NF-κB等轉錄因子之間的反饋會限制免疫反應，從而保護宿主組織並限制發炎徵狀。在癌症中，轉錄因子之間反饋限制的喪失會導致局部PD-L1表達增加，這可能會限制針對PD-L1藥物的全身治療有效性。^[11]

參考資料

^ 對細胞程式死亡-配體1起作用的藥物；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000120217 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000016496 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Entrez Gene: CD274 CD274 molecule.
^ Chemnitz JM, Parry RV, Nichols KE, June CH, Riley JL. SHP-1 and SHP-2 associate with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif of programmed death 1 upon primary human T cell stimulation, but only receptor ligation prevents T cell activation. Journal of Immunology. July 2004, 173 (2): 945–54. PMID 15240681.
^ Dranoff, Glenn. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Costimulatory B7-H1 in renal cell carcinoma patients: Indicator of tumor aggressiveness and potential therapeutic target.. F1000 - Post-publication peer review of the biomedical literature. 2004-12-09 [2019-12-21].
^ Association Between Clinicopathological Features and Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Anticancer Research. 2018-01-20, 38 (2). ISSN 0250-7005. doi:10.21873/anticanres.12326.
^ American Cancer Society | Information and Resources about for Cancer: Breast, Colon, Lung, Prostate, Skin. www.cancer.org. [2019-12-21]. （原始內容存檔於2018-08-03）（英語）.
^ Spiros, A. Vlahopoulos. Aberrant control of NF-κB in cancer permits transcriptional and phenotypic plasticity, to curtail dependence on host tissue: molecular mode. Cancer Biology & Medicine. 2017, 14 (3): 254. ISSN 2095-3941. doi:10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2017.0029.

外部連結

醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：CD274+protein,+human

免疫療法﹕Anti PD1 和Anti PD-L1

[1] 對細胞程式死亡-配體1起作用的藥物；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000120217 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000016496 - Ensembl, May 2017

[4] Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[5] Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[6] Entrez Gene: CD274 CD274 molecule.

[pmid15240681-7] Chemnitz JM, Parry RV, Nichols KE, June CH, Riley JL. SHP-1 and SHP-2 associate with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif of programmed death 1 upon primary human T cell stimulation, but only receptor ligation prevents T cell activation. Journal of Immunology. July 2004, 173 (2): 945–54. PMID 15240681.

[8] Dranoff, Glenn. Faculty of 1000 evaluation for Costimulatory B7-H1 in renal cell carcinoma patients: Indicator of tumor aggressiveness and potential therapeutic target.. F1000 - Post-publication peer review of the biomedical literature. 2004-12-09 [2019-12-21].

[9] Association Between Clinicopathological Features and Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Anticancer Research. 2018-01-20, 38 (2). ISSN 0250-7005. doi:10.21873/anticanres.12326.

[10] American Cancer Society | Information and Resources about for Cancer: Breast, Colon, Lung, Prostate, Skin. www.cancer.org. [2019-12-21]. （原始內容存檔於2018-08-03）（英語）.

[11] Spiros, A. Vlahopoulos. Aberrant control of NF-κB in cancer permits transcriptional and phenotypic plasticity, to curtail dependence on host tissue: molecular mode. Cancer Biology & Medicine. 2017, 14 (3): 254. ISSN 2095-3941. doi:10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2017.0029.

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