眾議院非美活動調查委員會

眾議院非美活動調查委員會（英語：The House Un-American Activities Committee）（簡稱：HUAC）是美國眾議院的調查委員會，於1975年1月14日終止。

歷史

在1938年創立時也稱作戴斯特別委員會，以監察美國納粹地下活動。1945年3月，美國眾議院以207票贊成、186票反對，將其改為常設委員會。該委員會負責調查與共產主義活動有關的嫌疑個人、公共僱員和組織，調查不忠與顛覆行為。

1947年12月17日，開始對聯邦政府、武裝部隊和國防訂貨承包商實行「忠誠調查」。其調查對象的範圍甚至擴大到總共有2,000多萬美國人受到了不同程度的審查。

1953年4月，開始對美國的大使館藏書目錄進行清查，美國共產黨的威廉·福斯特、記者白勞德、史沫特萊等75位的書籍被列為禁書，甚至連著名歷史學家小亞瑟·史列星和幽默作家馬克·吐溫的作品也被列入「危險書籍」之列。在此影響下，美國國內城市和學校的圖書館也紛紛查禁甚至焚毀「任何可疑的書籍和雜誌」，據估計約200萬冊。

1969年，眾議院將委員會更名為「眾議院內部安全委員會」。當眾議院在1975年廢除該委員會時^[1]，委員會的職能由眾議院司法委員會接任。委員會反共調查常常與美國參議員約瑟夫·麥卡錫有關^[2]。麥卡錫是參議員，並沒有直接參與眾議院委員會活動^[3]。麥卡錫是政府行動委員會主席，也是其參議院調查常委主席，不是眾議院的成員。

美國前總統尼克遜也曾是該委員會成員，並擔任領導。^[4]

歷任美國眾議院非美活動調查委員會主席

參考資料

^ Frum, David. How We Got Here: The '70s. New York, New York: Basic Books. 2000: 265. ISBN 0-465-04195-7.
^ For example, see Brown, Sarah. Pleading the Fifth. BBC News. 2002-02-05 [2015-03-14]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-09）. McCarthy's House Un-American Activities Committee
^ Patrick Doherty, Thomas. Cold War, Cool Medium: Television, McCarthyism, and American Culture. 2003, page 15-6.
^ 尼克松生平概览. Richard Nixon Foundation. [2024-05-17]. （原始內容存檔於2024-05-17）（美國英語）.

更多閱讀

WorldCat 聯合目錄中眾議院非美活動調查委員會的著作或與之相關的著作

文檔

Investigation of un-American propaganda activities in the United States. Hearings before a Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives (1938-1944), Volumes 1-17 with Appendices. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） University of Pennsylvania online gateway to Internet Archive and Hathi Trust.

Schamel, Gharles E. Inventory of records of the Special Committee on Un-American activities, 1938-1944 (the Dies committee). Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration. Washington, D.C., July 1995.

Schamel, Gharles E. Records of the House Un-American Activities committee, 1945-1969, renamed the House Internal Security committee, 1969-1976. Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration. Washington, D.C., July 1995.

Ship, Reuben. From the Archives: The Investigator (1954): A Radio Play by Reuben Ship. The Journal for MultiMedia History. 2000, 3 [2015-03-14]. （原始內容存檔於2020-09-17）.

圖書

Bentley, Eric (編). Thirty Years of Treason: Excerpts from Hearings Before the House Committee on Un-American Activities, 1938–1968. Nation Books. 2002 [1971, Viking Press]. ISBN 1-56025-368-1.

Buckley, William F. The Committee and Its Critics; a Calm Review of the House Committee on Un-American Activities. Putnam Books. 1962.

Chambers, Whittaker. Witness. Random House. 1952. ISBN 0-89526-571-0.

Donner, Frank J. The Un-Americans. Ballantine Books. 1967.

Gladchuk, John Joseph. Hollywood and Anticommunism: HUAC and the Evolution of the Red Menace, 1935-1950. Routledge. 2006. ISBN 0-415-95568-8.

Goodman, Walter. The Committee: The Extraordinary Career of the House Committee on Un-American Activities. Farrar Straus & Giroux. 1968. ISBN 0-374-12688-7.

Newton, Michael. The Ku Klux Klan in Mississippi: a history. McFarland. 2010 [2015-03-14]. ISBN 978-0-7864-4653-7. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-03）.

O'Reilly, Kenneth. Hoover and the Unamericans: The FBI, HUAC, and the Red Menace. Temple University Press. 1983. ISBN 0-87722-301-7.

Schmidt, Regin. Red Scare: FBI and the Origins of Anticommunism in the United States, 1919–1943. Museum Tusculanum Press. 2000. ISBN 9788772895819.

U.S. 86th Congress - House Committee on Un-American Activities, Facts on Communism - Volume I, The Communist Ideology, 75 Stat. 965, House Document No. 336 (Internet Archive - Archive.org), December 1959: 166 [6 October 2013], OCLC 630998985

U.S. 87th Congress - House Committee on Un-American Activities, Facts on Communism - Volume II, The Soviet Union, from Lenin to Khrushchev, 75 Stat. 961, House Document No. 139 (Internet Archive - Archive.org), December 1960: 408 [6 October 2013], OCLC 80262328

檔案

Bogart, Humphrey. I am no communist. Photoplay. March 1948 [28 August 2013]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-24）.
"Operation Abolition", Time Magazine, March 17, 1961 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

Seidel, Robert W. The National Laboratories and the Atomic Energy Commission in the Early Cold War. Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences. 2001, 32 (1): 145–162. doi:10.1525/hsps.2001.32.1.145.

外部連結

History.House.gov HUAC - permanent standing House Committee on Un-American Activities
History.House.gov HUAC - 1948 Alger Hiss–Whittaker Chambers hearing before HUAC
Un-American Activities Committee The Spartacus Educational website, UK
House Unamerican Activities Committee (HUAC) Collection: Pamphlets collected by HUAC, many of which the committee deemed "un-American." (4,000 pamphlets). From the Rare Book and Special Collections Division at the Library of Congress （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

['70s_265-1] Frum, David. How We Got Here: The '70s. New York, New York: Basic Books. 2000: 265. ISBN 0-465-04195-7.

[2] For example, see Brown, Sarah. Pleading the Fifth. BBC News. 2002-02-05 [2015-03-14]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-09）. McCarthy's House Un-American Activities Committee

[3] Patrick Doherty, Thomas. Cold War, Cool Medium: Television, McCarthyism, and American Culture. 2003, page 15-6.

[4] 尼克松生平概览. Richard Nixon Foundation. [2024-05-17]. （原始內容存檔於2024-05-17）（美國英語）.

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