秋扒層

秋扒層
地層年代：馬斯垂克期
~72–66 Ma

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秋扒層; 地層年代：馬斯垂克期; ~72–66 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	秋扒層的紅棕色粉砂岩
類型	層
屬於	潭頭群
上覆	高峪溝層
下伏	石台街層
岩性
主要	泥岩、粉砂岩
次要	砂岩、礫岩
地點
取名自	秋扒鄉
經緯度	33°54′N 111°48′E / 33.9°N 111.8°E
地區	河南省
國家	中國
範圍	潭頭盆地
	[[file: 秋扒層 (中國) 秋扒層 (河南)\|frameless\|alt=]]

秋扒層（英文：Qiupa Formation）是位於中華人民共和國河南省的地層組，地質年代為晚白堊紀的馬斯垂克期，約為7,200萬至6,600萬年前^[1]^[2]^[3]。該地層組除了恐龍化石外，還發現了許埋藏豐富的恐龍蛋化石。

地質學

秋扒層的沉積特徵為紅棕色的粉砂岩夾雜多層的泥岩與礫岩，顯示該地於白堊紀當時屬於寬闊而水淺的曲流以及由辮狀河流沖積而成的三角洲^[2]^[3]。

古生物群

秋扒層埋藏有數量豐富的恐龍與恐龍蛋化石，包含了獸腳亞目的傷齒龍科、馳龍科與偷蛋龍類等演化支的物種。此外，還發現了包含蜥腳下目、鳥腳亞目、甲龍亞目、蜥蜴、龜鱉目及疑似為鳥翼類在內的未定種化石^[4]^[2]。

恐龍總目

秋扒層的恐龍
屬	種	化石材料	註解	圖片
甲龍科未定屬 Ankylosauridae indet.	未定種	牙齒、完整的背椎、不完整的背肋及坐骨^[5]。
長形蛋科（英語：Elongatoolithidae）未定屬 Elongatoolithidae sp.	未定種	145片蛋殼，推測是來自偷蛋龍科物種^[6]。
欒川盜龍屬 Luanchuanraptor	河南欒川盜龍 L. henanensis	牙齒、額骨及不完整的顱後骨骼^[7]。	屬於馳龍科
秋扒龍屬 Qiupalong	河南秋扒龍 Q. henanensis	髂骨、坐骨、恥骨及右後肢^[8]。	屬於似鳥龍科
秋扒爪龍屬 Qiupanykus	張氏秋扒爪龍 Q. zhangi	脊椎骨及後肢^[3]。	屬於阿瓦拉慈龍科
暴龍屬 "Tyrannosaurus"	欒川暴龍 T. luanchuanensis	五顆完整的牙齒^[9]。	屬於暴龍科
豫龍屬 Yulong	迷你豫龍 Y. mini	完整的顱骨及大部分的顱後骨骼^[10]^[11]。	屬於偷蛋龍科

哺乳動物

秋扒層的哺乳動物
屬	種	化石材料	註解	圖片
洛陽袋獸屬 Lotheridium	孟氏洛陽袋獸 L. mengi	幾乎完整的顱骨及下顎骨^[12]。	屬於三角齒獸科（英語：Deltatheridiidae）
豫俊獸屬（英語：Yubaatar） Yubaatar	中原豫俊獸 Y. zhongyuanensis	完整的顱骨及破碎的顱後骨骼^[13]。	屬於土鼠亞目（英語：Cimolodonta）

有鱗目

秋扒層的有鱗目物種
屬	種	化石材料	註解	圖片
伏牛蜥屬 Funiusaurus	欒川伏牛蜥 F. luanchuanensis	部分顱骨^[14]。	屬於多槽齒蜥類（英語：Polyglyphanodontia）
天宇蜥屬 Tianyusaurus	鄭氏天宇蜥 T. zhengi	顱骨及肩帶^[15]。	屬於多槽齒蜥類

色鍵

分類單元	重新分類的分類單元	錯誤的分類單元	可疑的分類單元或初級同義詞	足跡分類單元	蛋分類單元	形態分類群

註釋
不確定或暫定的分類單元以小字體展示； ~~被劃掉~~的分類單元不可信

參考文獻

^ Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Henan Province. Regional Geology of Henan Province. Beijing: Geological Publishing House. 1989: 1−772.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Jiang, X.-J.; Liu, Y.-Q.; Ji, S.-A.; Zhang, X.-L.; Xu, L.; Jia, S.-H.; Lü, J.-C.; Yuan, C.-X.; Li, M. Dinosaur-bearing strata and K/T boundary in the Luanchuan-Tantou Basin of western Henan Province, China. Science China Earth Sciences. 2011, 54 (1149): 1149–1155. Bibcode:2011ScChD..54.1149J. doi:10.1007/s11430-011-4186-1.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Lü, J. C.; Xu, L.; Chang, H. L.; Jia, S. H.; Zhang, J. M.; Gao, D. S.; Zhang, Y. Y.; Zhang, C. J.; Ding, F. A new alvarezsaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan, Henan Province, central China. China Geology. 2018, 1 (1): 28–35. Bibcode:2018CGeo....1...28L. doi:10.31035/cg2018005  .
^ Kobayashi, Y.; Lü, J.; Lee, Y.-N.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X. A new basal ornithomimid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Cretaceous in Henan Province of China (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2008, 28 (supp. 3): 101A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2008.10010459.
^ Jia, S.-H.; Lü, J.-C.; Xu, L.; Hu, W.-Y.; Li, J.-H.; Zhang, J.-M. Discovery and significance of ankylosaur specimens from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation in Luanchuan, Henan, China. Geological Bulletin of China. 2010, 29 (4): 483–487.
^ Tanaka, K.; Lü, J.-C.; Kobayashi, Y.; Zelenitsky, D. K.; Xu, L.; Jia, S.; Qin, S.; Tang, M. Description and Phylogenetic Position of Dinosaur Eggshells from the Luanchuan Area of Western Henan Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 2011, 85 (1): 66–74. Bibcode:2011AcGlS..85...66K. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2011.00379.x.
^ Lü, J.-C.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X.-L.; Ji, Q.; Jia, S.-H.; Hu, W.-Y.; Zhang, J.-M.; Wu, Y.-H. New dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan area, western Henan, China. Geological Bulletin of China. 2007, 26 (7): 777–786.
^ Xu, L.; Kobayashi, Y.; Lü, J.-C.; Lee, Y. N.; Liu, Y.; Tanaka, K.; Zhang, X.; Jia, S.; Zhang, J. A new ornithomimid dinosaur with North American affinities from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation in Henan Province of China. Cretaceous Research. 2011, 32 (2): 213–222. Bibcode:2011CrRes..32..213X. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.12.004.
^ Dong, Z. Cretaceous dinosaur fossils in southern China [Cretaceous dinosaurs of the Henan (south China)]. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology; Nanjing Institute of Paleontology (編). Mesozoic and Cenozoic Redbeds in Southern China. Beijing: Science Press. 1979: 342–350 （Chinese）. Translated paper （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
^ Lü, J.-C.; Currie, P. J.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X.; Pu, H.; Jia, S. Chicken-sized oviraptorid dinosaurs from central China and their ontogenetic implications. Naturwissenschaften. 2013, 100 (2): 165–175. Bibcode:2013NW....100..165L. PMID 23314810. doi:10.1007/s00114-012-1007-0.
^ Wei, X.; Kundrát, M.; Xu, L.; Ma, W.; Wu, Y.; Chang, H.; Zhang, J.; Zhou, X. A new subadult specimen of oviraptorid Yulong mini (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan, central China. Cretaceous Research. 2022, 138 (105261). Bibcode:2022CrRes.13805261W. S2CID 248977151. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105261.
^ Bi, S.; Jin, X.; Li, S.; Du, T. A new Cretaceous Metatherian mammal from Henan, China. PeerJ. 2015, 3: e896. PMC 4400878  . PMID 25893149. doi:10.7717/peerj.896  .
^ Xu, L.; Zhang, X.; Pu, H.; Jia, S.; Zhang, J.; Lü, J.-C.; Meng, J. Largest known Mesozoic multituberculate from Eurasia and implications for multituberculate evolution and biology. Scientific Reports. 2015, 5 (1495): 14950. Bibcode:2015NatSR...514950X. PMC 4615031  . PMID 26492455. doi:10.1038/srep14950  .
^ Xu, L.; Lü, J.-C.; Jia, S.; Zhang, J.; Pu, H.; Zhang, X. A New Lizard (Lepidosauria: Squamata) from the Upper Cretaceous of Henan, China. Acta Geologica Sinica. 2014, 88 (4): 1041–1050. Bibcode:2014AcGlS..88.1041X. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12271.
^ Lü, J.-C.; Ji, S.; Dong, Z.; Wu, X.-C. An Upper Cretaceous lizard with a lower temporal arcade. Naturwissenschaften. 2008, 95 (7): 663–669. Bibcode:2008NW.....95..663L. PMID 18338150. doi:10.1007/s00114-008-0364-1.

[1] Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Henan Province. Regional Geology of Henan Province. Beijing: Geological Publishing House. 1989: 1−772.

[Jiang2011-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Jiang, X.-J.; Liu, Y.-Q.; Ji, S.-A.; Zhang, X.-L.; Xu, L.; Jia, S.-H.; Lü, J.-C.; Yuan, C.-X.; Li, M. Dinosaur-bearing strata and K/T boundary in the Luanchuan-Tantou Basin of western Henan Province, China. Science China Earth Sciences. 2011, 54 (1149): 1149–1155. Bibcode:2011ScChD..54.1149J. doi:10.1007/s11430-011-4186-1.

[Lu2018-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Lü, J. C.; Xu, L.; Chang, H. L.; Jia, S. H.; Zhang, J. M.; Gao, D. S.; Zhang, Y. Y.; Zhang, C. J.; Ding, F. A new alvarezsaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan, Henan Province, central China. China Geology. 2018, 1 (1): 28–35. Bibcode:2018CGeo....1...28L. doi:10.31035/cg2018005  .

[4] Kobayashi, Y.; Lü, J.; Lee, Y.-N.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X. A new basal ornithomimid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Cretaceous in Henan Province of China (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2008, 28 (supp. 3): 101A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2008.10010459.

[5] Jia, S.-H.; Lü, J.-C.; Xu, L.; Hu, W.-Y.; Li, J.-H.; Zhang, J.-M. Discovery and significance of ankylosaur specimens from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation in Luanchuan, Henan, China. Geological Bulletin of China. 2010, 29 (4): 483–487.

[6] Tanaka, K.; Lü, J.-C.; Kobayashi, Y.; Zelenitsky, D. K.; Xu, L.; Jia, S.; Qin, S.; Tang, M. Description and Phylogenetic Position of Dinosaur Eggshells from the Luanchuan Area of Western Henan Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 2011, 85 (1): 66–74. Bibcode:2011AcGlS..85...66K. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2011.00379.x.

[7] Lü, J.-C.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X.-L.; Ji, Q.; Jia, S.-H.; Hu, W.-Y.; Zhang, J.-M.; Wu, Y.-H. New dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan area, western Henan, China. Geological Bulletin of China. 2007, 26 (7): 777–786.

[8] Xu, L.; Kobayashi, Y.; Lü, J.-C.; Lee, Y. N.; Liu, Y.; Tanaka, K.; Zhang, X.; Jia, S.; Zhang, J. A new ornithomimid dinosaur with North American affinities from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation in Henan Province of China. Cretaceous Research. 2011, 32 (2): 213–222. Bibcode:2011CrRes..32..213X. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.12.004.

[9] Dong, Z. Cretaceous dinosaur fossils in southern China [Cretaceous dinosaurs of the Henan (south China)]. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology; Nanjing Institute of Paleontology (編). Mesozoic and Cenozoic Redbeds in Southern China. Beijing: Science Press. 1979: 342–350 （Chinese）. Translated paper （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

[10] Lü, J.-C.; Currie, P. J.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X.; Pu, H.; Jia, S. Chicken-sized oviraptorid dinosaurs from central China and their ontogenetic implications. Naturwissenschaften. 2013, 100 (2): 165–175. Bibcode:2013NW....100..165L. PMID 23314810. doi:10.1007/s00114-012-1007-0.

[11] Wei, X.; Kundrát, M.; Xu, L.; Ma, W.; Wu, Y.; Chang, H.; Zhang, J.; Zhou, X. A new subadult specimen of oviraptorid Yulong mini (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan, central China. Cretaceous Research. 2022, 138 (105261). Bibcode:2022CrRes.13805261W. S2CID 248977151. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105261.

[Bi2015-12] Bi, S.; Jin, X.; Li, S.; Du, T. A new Cretaceous Metatherian mammal from Henan, China. PeerJ. 2015, 3: e896. PMC 4400878  . PMID 25893149. doi:10.7717/peerj.896  .

[13] Xu, L.; Zhang, X.; Pu, H.; Jia, S.; Zhang, J.; Lü, J.-C.; Meng, J. Largest known Mesozoic multituberculate from Eurasia and implications for multituberculate evolution and biology. Scientific Reports. 2015, 5 (1495): 14950. Bibcode:2015NatSR...514950X. PMC 4615031  . PMID 26492455. doi:10.1038/srep14950  .

[14] Xu, L.; Lü, J.-C.; Jia, S.; Zhang, J.; Pu, H.; Zhang, X. A New Lizard (Lepidosauria: Squamata) from the Upper Cretaceous of Henan, China. Acta Geologica Sinica. 2014, 88 (4): 1041–1050. Bibcode:2014AcGlS..88.1041X. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12271.

[15] Lü, J.-C.; Ji, S.; Dong, Z.; Wu, X.-C. An Upper Cretaceous lizard with a lower temporal arcade. Naturwissenschaften. 2008, 95 (7): 663–669. Bibcode:2008NW.....95..663L. PMID 18338150. doi:10.1007/s00114-008-0364-1.

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