法老的詛咒

法老的詛咒（英語：Curse of the pharaohs）是指針對任何打擾木乃伊的人的詛咒，據稱會導致厄運、疾病甚至死亡。20世紀中葉以來，許多作家及紀錄片認為「詛咒」的科學解釋為細菌或輻射。然而，「法老的詛咒」的現代起源及發展在歐洲文化中，從原先的傳說轉變到科學解釋，又衍生出大量恐怖片，可見「法老的詛咒」更多的是指一種文化而非科學現象。^[1]

偶爾也會在古墓中或周圍發現真正的詛咒，如在薩卡拉的第六王朝Khentika Ikhekhi馬斯塔巴。但在圖坦卡蒙墓中未發現詛咒，有關圖坦卡蒙法老的詛咒的證據極其少，Donald B. Redford 認為這是「純粹的譁眾取寵的胡話」。^[2]

墳墓詛咒

詛咒在現代

發掘圖坦卡蒙墓

圖坦卡蒙的「詛咒」

可能的解釋

因為最新研究證實圖坦卡蒙生前得了多重瘧疾的複合症狀，而進入墓穴的人皆有被蚊蟲叮咬的記錄，推斷有可能是墓穴里有古代瘧疾的病毒。

相關死亡人員

圖坦卡蒙墓開啟於1922年11月29日。

名字	身份	死亡時間	死因
卡納馮伯爵	考古發掘資助人	1923年4月5日	第一位逝者，因蚊蟲叮咬感染逝世。^[3]^[4]
George Jay Gould I	卡納馮好友，訪客	1923年5月16日	於埃及期間出現發燒症狀，在法國蔚藍海岸逝世，死因是肺炎。^[5]
Ali Kamel Fahmy Bey	埃及王室	1923年7月10日	被妻子瑪格麗特·阿利貝爾槍殺於薩伏伊酒店。
奧布里·赫伯特	卡納馮的同父異母弟	1923年9月26日	牙科手術導致敗血症。
Woolf Joel	南非百萬富翁，訪客	1923年11月13日	被敲詐者槍殺。
Archibald Douglas-Reid	放射科醫生，曾用X光檢查過圖坦卡蒙木乃伊	1924年1月15日	病逝。
Lee Stack	蘇丹總督	1924年11月19日	在開羅遭遇暗殺身亡。
A. C. Mace	發掘隊員	1928年	砷中毒^[6]
默文·赫伯特	卡納馮的同父異母弟	1929年5月26日	報道稱因「瘧疾肺炎」逝世。
理查德·貝瑟爾	卡特的私人秘書	1929年11月15日	在梅費爾俱樂部（英語：Mayfair club）一張床上死亡，死因疑為窒息死亡。
Richard Luttrell Pilkington Bethell	理查德·貝瑟爾之父	1930年2月20日	公寓七樓墜樓身亡。
霍華德·卡特	圖坦卡蒙墓發掘者	1939年3月2日	正常死亡但有人仍將其死因歸咎於「詛咒」 ^[7]

另見

法老的雪茄
古爾-埃米爾陵，帖木兒的詛咒

參考來源

^ "The Mummy's Curse: Mummymania in the English-speaking World, Jasmine Day, Routledge, 2006
^ The Boy Behind the Mask, Charlotte Booth (quoting Donald B. Redford), p. xvi, Oneword, 2007, ISBN 978-1-85168-544-8
^ Why we love mummies. Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. [12 August 2008]. （原始內容存檔於2008年9月2日）. Upon breaching the tomb, something stung Carnarvon on the cheek. He died several months later. Newspapers sensationalized his death as the fulfillment of an ancient mummy's curse. A rumor spread that there was an insc九十三次ription over the tomb promising death to anyone who opened the tomb of the pharaoh. One recent theory is Carnarvon might have ingested anthrax spores deliberately placed in the tomb by ancient Egyptian priests to thwart tomb robbers.
^ Carnarvon Is Dead Of An Insect's Bite At Pharaoh's Tomb. Blood Poisoning and Ensuing Pneumonia Conquer Tut-ankh-Amen Discoverer in Egypt.. New York Times. 5 April 1923 [12 August 2008]. （原始內容存檔於2014-02-19）. The Earl of Carnarvon died peacefully at 2 o'clock this morning. He was conscious almost to the end.
^ George J. Gould Dies in Villa in France.. New York Times. 17 May 1923 [23 May 2008]. （原始內容存檔於2014-02-19）. George Jay Gould died this morning at 3:30 o'clock at the Villa Zoralde, Cap Martin, where he had been living for some months with his wife and her two children. His death, it was stated at the villa, came quietly and was expected, as he had never rallied from the illness from which he had been suffering all Winter.
^ Rupert Furneaux, The World's Strangest Mysteries, (New York: Ace Books, 1961), p. 72-74.
^ Howard Carter, 66, Egyptologist, Dies.. New York Times. [28 March 2008]. （原始內容存檔於2018-01-24）. Howard Carter, Egyptologist who earned world fame for his discovery and exploration, in association with the fifth Earl of Carnarvon, of the tomb of Tut-ankh-Amen, died in his London home today at the age of 66.

Howard Carter and the Discovery of the Tomb of Tutankhamun, H. V. F. Winstone, Constable, 1991, ISBN 0-09-469900-3
Mummies: Death and Life in Ancient Egypt, James Hamilton-Paterson, Carol Andrews, p. 197, Collins for British Museum Publications, 1978, ISBN 0-00-195532-2
The Mummy's Curse: Mummymania in the English-speaking World, Jasmine Day, 2006, Routledge, ISBN 978-0415340229

外部連結

Galaxy Babe. Tutankhamun – the 'Boy King'. h2g2. 16 February 2011 [2013-08-29]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-04）.

[1] "The Mummy's Curse: Mummymania in the English-speaking World, Jasmine Day, Routledge, 2006

[2] The Boy Behind the Mask, Charlotte Booth (quoting Donald B. Redford), p. xvi, Oneword, 2007, ISBN 978-1-85168-544-8

[3] Why we love mummies. Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. [12 August 2008]. （原始內容存檔於2008年9月2日）. Upon breaching the tomb, something stung Carnarvon on the cheek. He died several months later. Newspapers sensationalized his death as the fulfillment of an ancient mummy's curse. A rumor spread that there was an insc九十三次ription over the tomb promising death to anyone who opened the tomb of the pharaoh. One recent theory is Carnarvon might have ingested anthrax spores deliberately placed in the tomb by ancient Egyptian priests to thwart tomb robbers.

[4] Carnarvon Is Dead Of An Insect's Bite At Pharaoh's Tomb. Blood Poisoning and Ensuing Pneumonia Conquer Tut-ankh-Amen Discoverer in Egypt.. New York Times. 5 April 1923 [12 August 2008]. （原始內容存檔於2014-02-19）. The Earl of Carnarvon died peacefully at 2 o'clock this morning. He was conscious almost to the end.

[5] George J. Gould Dies in Villa in France.. New York Times. 17 May 1923 [23 May 2008]. （原始內容存檔於2014-02-19）. George Jay Gould died this morning at 3:30 o'clock at the Villa Zoralde, Cap Martin, where he had been living for some months with his wife and her two children. His death, it was stated at the villa, came quietly and was expected, as he had never rallied from the illness from which he had been suffering all Winter.

[6] Rupert Furneaux, The World's Strangest Mysteries, (New York: Ace Books, 1961), p. 72-74.

[carter-7] Howard Carter, 66, Egyptologist, Dies.. New York Times. [28 March 2008]. （原始內容存檔於2018-01-24）. Howard Carter, Egyptologist who earned world fame for his discovery and exploration, in association with the fifth Earl of Carnarvon, of the tomb of Tut-ankh-Amen, died in his London home today at the age of 66.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]