全國勞資關係法

1935年全國勞資關係法(National Labor Relations Act of 1935,又稱瓦格納法,Wagner Act;國家勞工關係法)是美國製定的一部有關勞動關係的法規,它保障私營部門的雇員組織工會、與公司進行集體協商和採取罷工等集體行動的權利[1]。該法案由參議員羅伯特·F·瓦格納英語Robert F. Wagner草擬,由第74屆美國國會英語74th United States Congress通過,並由美國總統富蘭克林·德拉諾·羅斯福簽署成為法律。

全國勞資關係法旨在通過促進工會和雇主之間的集體協商,改善雇主和雇員之間談判不平等的狀況。全國勞資關係委員會英語National Labor Relations Board就是依據該法成立,全國勞動關係委員會專門負責起訴違反勞動法的主體。它還制定了有關集體協商的各種規則,並界定哪些行為屬於不當勞動行為,包括雇主幹涉工會的成立和運作。該法不適用於某些行業的職工,例如主管、農業雇員、家政工人、政府雇員和獨立承包商。

全國勞資關係法遭到保守派和共和黨的強烈反對,不過在國家勞資關係委員會訴瓊斯和勞克林鋼鐵公司英語NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.一案中,美國最高法院選擇支持全國勞資關係法。1947年通過的塔夫特-哈特萊法案英語Taft–Hartley Act對全國勞資關係法有所更正。

註釋

  1. ^ Nelson, Joyce. The Colonized Eye: Rethinking the Grierson Legend. Toronto: Between the Lines. 1988: 25, 88. 

參考文獻

書籍
文章
  • F. L. B., Jr. Reinstatement with Back Pay under the Wagner Act. U. Pa. L. Rev. & Amer. L. Reg. Mar 1941, 89 (5): 648–60. JSTOR 3309199. doi:10.2307/3309199. 
  • Keyserling, Leon H. The Wagner Act: Its Origin and Current Significance. Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 1960–1961, 29: 199. 
  • Klare, Karl E. Judicial Deradicalization of the Wagner Act and the Origins of Modern Legal Consciousness, 1937–1941. Minn. L. Rev. 1977–1978, 62: 265. 
  • Lynd, Staughton. Communal Rights. Tex. L. Rev. 1984, 62 (1417): 1430–35. 
  • Mikva, A. J. The Changing Role of the Wagner Act in the American Labor Movement. Stan. L. Rev. 1986, 38 (4): 1123–40. JSTOR 1228578. doi:10.2307/1228578. 
  • Nathanson, N.L.; Lyons, E. Judicial Review of the National Labor Board. Ill. L. Rev. 1938–1939, 33: 749. 
  • Effect on the A. F. of L. -C. I. O. Controversy of the Determination of Appropriate Bargaining Units under the National Labor Relations Act. Yale L.J. 1935–1958, 47 (1): 122–124. JSTOR 791821. doi:10.2307/791821. 
  • The Proposed Amendments to the Wagner Act. Harv. L. Rev. 1938–1939, 52 (6): 970–983. JSTOR 1334189. doi:10.2307/1334189. 
  • Pope, J. G. How American Workers Lost the Right to Strike, and Other Tales. Mich. L. Rev. 2004, 103 (3): 518–53 [2021-01-16]. JSTOR 4141930. doi:10.2307/4141930. (原始內容存檔於2021-01-21). 
  • Pope, Jim. Worker Lawmaking, Sit-Down Strikes, and the Shaping of American Industrial Relations, 1935–1958. Law & Hist. Rev. 2006, 24 (1): 45–113. JSTOR 27641352. doi:10.1017/S0738248000002273. 
  • Scheunemann, Edward. The National Labor Relations Act Versus the Courts, 11 Rocky Mountain L. Rev. 135 (1939)
  • Warm, J. Louis. A Study of the Judicial Attitude Toward Trade Unions and Labor Legislation. Minn. L. Rev. 1938–1939, 23: 256. 
  • Woods, Warren; Wheatley, Altha C. The Wagner Act Decision – A Charter of Liberty for Labor?. Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 1936–1937, 5: 846. 

參見

外部連結