精神药理学

心理药物学(英文:Psychopharmacology )是指以科学方法研究预备、使用心理疾病药物及这些药物的效用。心理疾病相关药物称为psychotropic medications(psycho:心理的;tropic:作用于)。

主要概念[1]

基本概念

常见不跟从服药指示原因[5]
  • 以为很快见效,但抗抑郁药要至少2星期才见效
  • 麻烦、工作上不便,或影响生计
  • 服药等于软弱
  • 以为会根治,但有的药物只是争取时间来让病患有更多精力去处理问题
  • 享受药物的舒缓效果,如服用巴比妥类后会很快就不紧张
  • 享受受人关注,病了有人去关心自己而继续去病附加的好处英语Primary and secondary gain
亲和性 (Affinity) 效能(Efficacy)
活化剂(agonist)
阻断剂(antagonist) 中至高

化学讯号

精神作用药物通常用神经递质来影响神经传导英语Neurotransmission神经递质主要一种化学物质来让神经元互相沟通,而精神作用药物则影响这个沟通过程。这些药物可以

  1. 作为神经递质前体(precursor)(作为制造神经递质的原材料)
  2. 压抑神经递质的生成
  3. 避免突触小泡(presynaptic vesicle)储存神经递质
  4. 刺激或抑制神经递质释出
  5. 刺激或抑制后突触(post-synaptic)的受体运作(Receptor)
  6. 刺激再摄取泵(autoreceptor),减少神经递质释出
  7. 阻碍再摄取泵(autoreceptor),增加神经递质释出
  8. 压抑神经传导英语Neurotransmission breakdown
  9. 阻碍前突触(presynaptic)被再吸收英语reuptake(reuptake)
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The other central method through which drugs act is by affecting communications between cells through hormones. Neurotransmitters can usually only travel a microscopic distance before reaching their target at the other side of the synaptic cleft, while hormones can travel long distances before reaching target cells anywhere in the body. Thus, the endocrine system is a critical focus of psychopharmacology because 1) drugs can alter the secretion of many hormones; 2) hormones may alter the behavioral responses to drugs; 3) hormones themselves sometimes have psychoactive properties; and 4) the secretion of some hormones, especially those dependent on the pituitary gland, is controlled by neurotransmitter systems in the brain.

常见心理药物

相关期刊

参考来源

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