梭法螺属

梭法螺属; 化石时期：始新世 - 现在 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	一只在印尼阿洛岛附近出现的梭法螺属物种
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	软体动物门 Mollusca
纲：	腹足纲 Gastropoda
目：	玉黍螺目 Littorinimorpha
科：	嵌线螺科 Cymatiidae
属：	梭法螺属 Cymatium; Röding, 1798
模式种
	Murex femorale; Linnaeus, 1758
异名
	Cymatium (Linatella) Gray, 1857; Linatella Gray, 1857; Lotorium Montfort, 1810; Luterium Herrmannsen, 1846 (emendation of Lotorium Montfort, 1810); Nyctilochus Gistel, 1848; Tritocurrus Lesson, 1842;

梭法螺属（学名：Cymatium），又名象法螺属^[2]或嵌线螺属^[3]，是法螺科嵌线螺亚科之下的一个属，包括从小型到大型的掠食性海螺，是一个海洋腹足纲软体动物的分类单元^[1]。

本属物种繁多，有差不多一百种，遍布世界各地。因此有贝壳学家将本属物种再细分为十个亚属，也有建议将部分亚属提升至属级，但这些建议到现在都未有公论。

化石纪录

本属的化石纪录已知从始新世到第四纪（距今：从5580到1.2万年前）^[4]。

形态描述

这些海螺雌雄异体，会产下卵䇲^[5]。孵化后，幼虫有一个浮游生物阶段，可以（在某些物种中）持续数月; 这是在某些物种中看到的广泛分布，因为在沉降到海底之前可以将浮游幼虫携带很远的距离。

分类

亚属

目前本属有至少十个亚属^[6]，部分亚属有学者建议提升至属级。不管如何，这些亚属或属都详列如下：

Cymatium Röding, 1798, type species: Cymatium femorale
毛螺亚属 Monoplex G. Perry, 1811, type species: Cymatium parthenopeum
Gelagna Schaufuss, 1869, type species: Cymatium succinctum
Ranularia Schumacher, 1817, type species: Cymatium gutturnium
Gutturnium Mørch, 1852, type species: Cymatium muricinum
Reticutriton Habe and Kosuge, 1966：模式属：Cymatium pfeifferianum
Linatella Gray, 1868, 模式种为：Cymatium cutaceum
象鼻法螺 Lotoria Emerson and Old, 1963, 模式种为：Cymatium perryi
篱螺亚属 Septa（英语：Septa (gastropod)） Perry, 1810：模式种为Septa rubecula，被WoRMS提升至属级。
Turritriton Dall, 1904, 模式种为：Cymatium gibbosum

物种

根据World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)，本属目前包括下列物种^[1]：

深沟象法螺 Cymatium caudatum (Gmelin, 1791)，为Ranularia caudata (Gmelin, 1791)的异名
多彩法螺 Cymatium comptum (A. Adams, 1855)，为Monoplex comptus (A.Adams, 1855)的异名
Cymatium costatum Pennant, 1777
Cymatium danianum Garvie, 2021
丹氏象法螺 Cymatium dunkeri Lischke, 1868，为Ranularia dunkeri (Lischke, 1868)的异名
鸟头象法螺 Cymatium encausticum (Reeve, 1844)，为Ranularia encaustica (Reeve, 1844)的异名
Cymatium femorale (Linnaeus, 1758)
宝石法螺 Cymatium gemmatum (Reeve, 1844)
厚唇法螺 Cymatium labiosum (Wood, 1828)，为Turritriton labiosus (W.Wood, 1828)的异名
Cymatium oxygium Woodring, 1959
Cymatium pharicidum Dall, 1889
毛法螺 Cymatium pileare (Linnaeus, 1758)，为Monoplex pilearis (Linnaeus, 1758)的异名
Cymatium praefemorale (Maury, 1917)
Cymatium raderi D'Attilio & B.W.Myers, 1984
Cymatium ranzanii (Bianconi, 1850)
Cymatium remotum Frassinetti & Covacevich, 1995
中华象法螺 Cymatium sinense (Reeve, 1844)，为Ranularia sinensis (Reeve, 1844)的异名
玉口象法螺 Cymatium springsteeni Beu, 1987，为Ranularia springsteeni (Beu, 1987)的异名
瘦毛法螺 Cymatium tenuiliratum Lischke, 1873，为Turritriton tenuiliratus (Lischke, 1873)的异名
褐唇象法螺 Cymatium testudinarium A. Adams & Reeve, 1850，为Ranularia testudinaria (A.Adams & Reeve, 1850)的异名
印度洋法螺 Cymatium thersites (Reeve, 1844)，为Monoplex thersites (Reeve, 1844)的异名
Cymatium tigrinum (Broderip, 1833)

异名物种

Cymatium aegrotum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia gallinago (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium aquatile (Reeve, 1844) : synonym of Monoplex aquatilis (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium cingulatum (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Linatella caudata (Gmelin, 1791)
Cymatium clandestinum (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Gelagna succincta (Linnaeus, 1771)
Cymatium closeli Beu, 1987: synonym of Septa closeli (Beu, 1987)
Cymatium comptum (A. Adams, 1855) : synonym of Monoplex comptus (A. Adams, 1855)
Cymatium corrugatum (Lamarck, 1816);: synonym of Monoplex corrugatus (Lamarck, 1816)
Cymatium cutaceum (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Linatella caudata (Gmelin, 1791)
Cymatium cynocephalum (Lamarck, 1816) : synonym of Ranularia cynocephala (Lamarck, 1816)
Cymatium doliarium Lamarck: synonym of Cabestana dolaria (Linnaeus, 1767)
Cymatium durbanensis (E.A. Smith, 1899): synonym of Monoplex durbanensis (E.A. Smith, 1899)
Cymatium exaratum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Monoplex exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium exaratum durbanense (E. A. Smith, 1899): synonym of Cymatium exaratum (Reeve, 1844) accepted as Monoplex exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
秀美象法螺 Cymatium exile: synonym of Ranularia exilis (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium gallinago (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia gallinago (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium gemmatum Reeve: synonym of Monoplex gemmatus (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium gibbosum (Broderip, 1833): synonym of Turritriton gibbosus (Broderip, 1833)
Cymatium grandimaculatum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Lotoria grandimaculata (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium hepaticum (Röding, 1798): synonym of Septa hepatica (Röding, 1798)
Cymatium kleinei (Sowerby III, 1889): synonym of Monoplex klenei (G.B. Sowerby III, 1889)
Cymatium kobelti: synonym of Turritriton kobelti (Maltzan, 1884)
Cymatium krebsii (Mörch, 1877) : synonym of Monoplex krebsii (Mörch, 1877)
Cymatium labiosum (W. Wood, 1828) : synonym of Turritriton labiosus (Wood, 1828)
象鼻法螺 Cymatium lotorium (Linnaeus, 1758)：今作Lotoria lotoria
Cymatium marerubrum: synonym of Septa marerubrum (Garcia-Talavera, 1985)
Cymatium martinianum (d'Orbigny, 1847) : synonym of Monoplex pilearis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cymatium moniliferum (Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of Ranularia monilifera (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
Cymatium moritinctum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia cynocephala (Lamarck, 1816)
Cymatium mundum (Gould, 1849): synonym of Monoplex mundus (Gould, 1849)
Cymatium muricinum (Röding, 1798) : synonym of Gutturnium muricinum (Röding, 1798)
Cymatium nicobaricum (Röding, 1798) : synonym of Monoplex nicobaricus (Röding, 1798)
Cymatium occidentale (Mörch, 1877) is a synonym of Septa occidentalis (Mörch, 1877)
Cymatium olearium Linnaeus: synonym of Ranella olearium (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cymatium (Septa) parthenopeum (von Salis, 1793) : synonym of Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis Marschlins, 1793)
Cymatium (Monoplex) parthenopeum (Salis, 1793): synonym of Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis Marschlins, 1793)
Cymatium penniketi Beu, 1998: synonyom of Monoplex penniketi (Beu, 1998)
Cymatium pharcidum (Dall, 1889): synonym of Turritriton tenuiliratus (Lischke, 1873)
菲氏瘦法螺 Cymatium pfeifferianum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Reticutriton pfeifferianus (Reeve, 1844)
梨形嵌线螺^[3] Cymatium pyrum (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Ranularia pyrum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cymatium rubeculum (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Septa rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758)
肉唇象法螺 Cymatium sarcostomum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia sarcostoma (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium (Ranularia) sinense (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia sinensis (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium (Linatella) succinctum (Linnaeus, 1771): synonym of Linatella succincta (Linnaeus, 1771)
Cymatium testudinarium (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of Ranularia testudinaria (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
Cymatium tranquebaricum (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Monoplex tranquebaricus (Lamarck, 1816)
Cymatium trigonum (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Monoplex trigonus (Gmelin, 1791)
Cymatium trilineatum: synonym of Ranularia trilineata (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium vespaceum Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Monoplex vespaceus (Lamarck, 1822)

Cymatium species found in the Western Atlantic include:[1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

Cymatium rehderi A. H. Verrill, 1950 : synonym of Ranularia rehderi (A.H. Verrill, 1950)

Other species include:

Cymatium tabulatus aka Turritriton tabulatus exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
Cymatium parkinsonianum (Perry, 1811): synonym of Austrotriton parkinsonius Perry, 1811
Cymatium pileare (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Cymatium (Septa) pileare (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cymatium perryi Emerson, W.K. & W.E. Jr. Old, 1963: synonym of Lotoria perryi (Emerson & Old, 1963)

图库

Fossil shell of Cymatium affine from Pliocene of Italy
Fossil shell of Cymatium doderleini from Pliocene of Italy

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. Cymatium Röding, 1798. WoRMS. [2018-06-02].
^ Cymatium echo. [2017-03-06]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-06）（中文（繁体））.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 蔡英亚. 兩廣近海嵌線螺科的初步研究（原始文獻連結）. 湛江水产学院学报. 1982-07, 1: 20–26 [2018-06-01] （中文（简体））.
^ Cymatium. Paleobiology Database.
^ 蝸牛(螺)殺手-鑽紋螺居然產卵了!!. 2012-08-23 [2017-05-29]. （原始内容存档于2018-02-14）（中文（繁体））.
^ ?. [2017-03-05]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-16）.

外部链接

维基物种上的相关信息：梭法螺属
Info about subgenera and illustrations of type species for the subgenera and other species in the subgenera at [2] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Malacolog info at: [3] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[WoRMS_138426-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. Cymatium Röding, 1798. WoRMS. [2018-06-02].

[2] Cymatium echo. [2017-03-06]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-06）（中文（繁体））.

[Shelldoc_420090220098_04-3] 3.0 ^3.1 蔡英亚. 兩廣近海嵌線螺科的初步研究（原始文獻連結）. 湛江水产学院学报. 1982-07, 1: 20–26 [2018-06-01] （中文（简体））.

[AA-4] Cymatium. Paleobiology Database.

[5] 蝸牛(螺)殺手-鑽紋螺居然產卵了!!. 2012-08-23 [2017-05-29]. （原始内容存档于2018-02-14）（中文（繁体））.

[6] ?. [2017-03-05]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-16）.

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