切尔诺贝利战役
车诺比战役是俄罗斯入侵乌克兰的战役之一,于切尔诺贝利隔离区爆发。尽管危险程度不如仍在运作的札波罗热核电厂一役,仍引发了辐射外泄的疑虑。
俄军攻势及夺取核电站
2022年2月24日,俄罗斯入侵乌克兰的第一天早上7点,核电厂原定的员工换班安排被取消,员工被告知俄罗斯入侵乌克兰,[2] 核电厂随即进入高度戒备状态。当日早上在隔离区约有300人,其中包括核电厂员工,医护人员,消防员,169名乌克兰国家卫队士兵及4名旅客。[3]
数小时后,驻扎在白俄罗斯的俄军穿越维利恰闯进隔离区。[4]下午两点,俄军已经到达核电站的主行政大楼。接下来的数小时,乌克兰国民卫队的指挥官及文职人员与俄军商讨投降事宜,此时乌克兰政府也公开宣布俄军对切诺比隔离区发起攻击。[5]
在车诺比的驻扎单位并没有配备重型武器或装备,因此他们无法抗衡俄军的装甲车辆。[6]乌军被包围,两辆俄军的GAZ猛虎车开进车诺比核电站并给与乌军最后通牒,强迫国民卫队成员立刻投降。[6]
最终,乌克兰政府宣布俄军已经夺取车诺比和普里皮亚季。[7]随著俄军成功夺取隔离区,美国政府宣布“据可信消息指俄军目前正在胁持车诺比核电厂的员工为人质”。[8]
俄军占领时期
俄罗斯国防部称已经与保护核电厂的乌军达成协议、让工作人员可以继续正常工作,但也有消息指俄罗斯把核电厂的工作人员挟持作为人质[11][12]。
在俄军占领期间的车诺比核电厂员工无法离开,只能继续维持核电厂运作。[13] 员工拒绝俄军提出与红星电视台采访的要求[3],其后俄军在核电站内设立了数个检查站并严密监视核电厂员工。[14]
3月9日,乌克兰外交部部长德米特罗·库列巴表示,切尔诺贝利核电站的供电系统已经损毁。核电站失去电力来源,其柴油发电机的后备系统只能够维持冷却系统运作48小时,所以会有核电泄露的风险。[15]俄罗斯外交部发言人玛丽亚·扎哈罗娃指俄罗斯联邦国家近卫军正与核电厂员工及已投降的乌军开展“联合行动”以维持对车诺比核电厂的控制。[16]
3月18日,俄军攻入斯拉武季奇。战斗持续九天,最终俄军取得胜利。3月20日,俄军允许部分核电厂员工回家,这些离开的人员会被核电厂外的志愿者代替。[3]
潜在辐射泄露
据路透社报导俄军车辆进入红色森林区域作为他们进入车诺比核电厂的途径,因此扬起了森林中的放射线尘。当地工人报告称,俄军驶进红色森林时并无穿着防护服,有可能受到危害[17]。在2022年3月31日,有报告指大部分占领车诺比的俄军在严重污染的红色森林挖掘战壕,随后患上辐射疾病而被迫撤退[18][19]。乌克兰官员允许进入该地点之后,发现了大量在红色森林中挖掘战壕的证据[20][21]。2022年4月1日,《每日电讯报》报导称,一名曾在红色森林长期扎营的俄罗斯士兵死于放射线病[22]。
据本地工人和科学家称俄军从实验室内洗劫了放射性的物料。[23]
俄军撤离
3月29日,俄罗斯国防部副部长亚历山大·福明宣布俄军将撤出基辅地区[24]。4月1日乌克兰国家隔离区管理局称俄军已从车诺比核电厂完全撤离。[25]
随著俄军撤离,在核电厂内工作的员工重新升起了乌克兰国旗。[13]国际原子能总署总干事拉斐尔·马里亚诺·格罗西宣布原子能总署会“尽快”向核电厂派遣支援团队。[26]4月3日,乌克兰军队重新进驻隔离区。[3]
在乌军重新控制车诺比后,当局发现核电厂办公室内有明显的损毁情况,包括涂鸦已经被打碎的窗户。华盛顿邮报更进一步估计高达一亿三千五百万的设备遭损毁,包括电脑,车辆及辐射剂量计。[27]
参考资料
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- ^ Kuleba, Dmytro [@DmytroKuleba]. The only electrical grid supplying the Chernobyl NPP and all its nuclear facilities occupied by Russian army is damaged. CNPP lost all electric supply. I call on the international community to urgently demand Russia to cease fire and allow repair units to restore power supply 1/2 (推文). 9 March 2022 [12 March 2022]. (原始内容存档于10 March 2022) –通过Twitter.
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