威廉·尤特莫伦
威廉·查尔斯·尤特莫伦(英语:William Charles Utermohlen,1933年12月5日—2007年3月21日),美国具象艺术家,知名于1995年确诊阿兹海默症后所绘制的自画像。尤特莫伦的职业生涯从1957年持续到2001年,其画作被浓缩成六个时期。《但丁时期》(1964-1966年)受到但丁《地狱》的影响;《哑巴时期》(1968-1970年)和《对话片段》(1989-1991)等系列依据他的早期记忆。
威廉·尤特莫伦 William Utermohlen | |
---|---|
出生 | 美国宾夕法尼亚州南费城 | 1933年12月5日
逝世 | 2007年3月21日 英国伦敦 | (73岁)
国籍 | 美国(1933–1992年) 英国(1992–2007年) |
教育程度 | 费城美术学院 |
活跃时期 | 1957–2002年 |
知名于 | 被诊断出阿兹海默症后画的自画像 |
配偶 | 派翠西亚·雷德蒙(1965年结婚) |
尤特莫伦生于南费城的第一代德国移民家庭,1951年获得奖学金进入费城美术学院。服完兵役后,他于1953年赴西欧进修。他在那里从文艺复兴和巴洛克艺术家的作品获得灵感,接着于1957年从美术学院毕业。他于1962年迁居至伦敦,并于1965年与艺术史学家派翠西亚·雷德蒙结婚。1972年他搬到马萨诸塞州,担任阿默斯特学院艺术科教师,然后在1975年返回伦敦。
他自1991年开始出现失忆征兆。1995年被诊断出患有阿兹海默症后,他开始着手创作一系列自画像,直至2001年无法再提起画笔。他于2007年3月21日去世,享寿73岁。在其作品刊登于2001年《柳叶刀》杂志后的几年间,尤特莫伦的自画像已陈列于包括芝加哥和伦敦在内的多个艺术展。2019年奥斯卡奖入围短片《勿忘我》受其自画像启发创作。
早年生活
威廉·查尔斯·尤特莫伦于1933年12月5日出生于宾夕法尼亚州南费城第一代德国移民家庭[1][2],是家中的独子[3]。1951年,他获得奖学金进入宾夕法尼亚美术学院,并接受现实主义艺术家沃尔特·斯图普菲格的教学指导[4]。尤特莫伦于1953年服完兵役[5],其中包括在加勒比地区的两年。退伍后不久,他赴西欧深造,游历意大利、法国和西班牙等国,期间所见的乔托·迪·邦多纳和尼古拉斯·普桑的作品对他影响甚钜[6]。1957年,他从美术学院毕业[7]。
死亡
尤特莫伦于2000年12月起[8]。2002年,他不再绘画,2004年住进路易丝公主疗养院[9]。2007年3月21日,他因肺炎于哈默史密斯医院病逝,享寿73岁[10]。遗孀派翠西亚表示:“实际上他早在那之前就已经不在了,比尔于2000年逝世,那时疾病意味着他不能再绘画。”[11]
建树
尤特莫伦的自画像在2001年登载在医学杂志《柳叶刀》上的一篇论文中后引起人们的关注,该论文经常被认为推动了作品的流行[12][a]。 据徐锡称,这些肖像已被标示为“他职业生涯的焦点”[14]。
评论者将尤特莫伦的作品和文森·梵高、巴勃罗·毕加索和爱德华·蒙克类比[15],一些作家也将这些自画像和马温·皮克的插图相比拟[16]。赛尔表示,尤特莫伦的作品为观众提供了“对大脑衰退影响的独特写照”[17]。他早期自画像的存在(让观众可以创造出他精神衰退的延时摄影)[18],以及他的作品让阿尔茨海默病患者的思想难得一见的想法,是促成他越来越受欢迎的两个方面[19]。2019年短片《勿忘我》以自画像为灵感,获得2020年奥斯卡最佳动画短片奖提名[20]。
另见
- 《时间尽头的每一角落》,英国电子音乐人The Caretaker以阿尔茨海默症为逐题摹拟的录音室专辑。
参考资料
注解
脚注
- ^ UK Government.
- ^ The Times 2007; Davenhill 2018,第318页.
- ^ The Wall Street Journal 2012; Utermohlen, Polini & Boicos 2008,第5页; Lock 2015,第244页.
- ^ Utermohlen, Polini & Boicos 2008,第5页.
- ^ NBC 2006.
- ^ The Wall Street Journal 2012.
- ^ Bradley et al. 2006,第152页.
- ^ Derbyshire 2001; BBC 2001b.
- ^ Lock 2015,第245页.
- ^ Utermohlen, Polini & Boicos 2008,第7页.
- ^ Purcell 2012.
- ^ The Wall Street Journal 2012; Utermohlen, Polini & Boicos 2008,第7页; Tulle 2004,第107页.
- ^ Swinnen 2015,第147页.
- ^ Hsu 2014,第111页.
- ^ Swinnen 2015,第145页.
- ^ Forsythe, Williams & Reilly 2017,第2页.
- ^ Purcell 2012,para. 11.
- ^ Grobar 2020; McLean 2020.
- ^ Swinnen 2015,第145-146页.
- ^ Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences 2020.
参考文献
- The 92nd Academy Awards – 2020. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 9 February 2020 [10 October 2021]. (原始内容存档于10 October 2021).
- Art Portrays Descent into Dementia. American Academy of Neurology. Neurology Today. 19 December 2006 [22 August 2021]. (原始内容存档于17 October 2021). 参数
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) (帮助) - Ball, Philip. Forgetting but not gone: dementia and the arts. The Guardian. 11 March 2017 [21 November 2021]. (原始内容存档于28 November 2020).
- A portrait of Alzheimer's. BBC. 28 June 2001 [9 December 2021]. (原始内容存档于24 February 2021).
- Drawing Dementia. BBC. 4 July 2001 [20 December 2021]. (原始内容存档于12 February 2009).
- Boicos, Chris. William Utermohlen : A Persistence of Memory—Loyola University Museum of Art, Chicago – Chris Boïcos Fine Arts. boicosfinearts.com. 2016 [2 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于3 May 2021).
- Derbyshire, David. Artist charts his slide into dementia. The Telegraph. 29 June 2001 [10 November 2021]. (原始内容存档于28 February 2016).
- Self Portraits - Science Gallery Dublin. Dublin Science Gallery. 2016 [22 February 2022]. (原始内容存档于14 September 2021).
- Gerlin, Andrea. Self-portrait with Alzheimer's: As disease destroyed his mind, artist William Utermohlen made himself the subject. . The Philadelphia Inquirer. 13 August 2001 [6 February 2022] –通过ProQuest.
- Gerrard, Nicci. Words fail us: dementia and the arts. The Guardian. 19 July 2015 [2 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于14 August 2021) (英语).
- Grady, Denise. Self-Portraits Chronicle a Descent Into Alzheimer's . The New York Times. 24 October 2006 [2 May 2021]. ISSN 0362-4331. (原始内容存档于15 August 2021) (美国英语).
- Green, Jonathan; Montpetit, Mignon A.; Diaz, Joanne; Kooken, Wendy. Pursuing the Ephemerel, Painting the Enduring; Alzheimer's and the Artwork of William Utermohlen. Illinois Wesleyan University. 2015 [16 August 2021]. (原始内容存档于7 June 2020).
- Grobar, Matt. 'Memorable' Director Bruno Collet Uses Stop-Motion To Tap Into Aging Painter’s Experience Of Dementia. Deadline. 28 January 2020 [19 October 2021]. (原始内容存档于26 February 2021).
- Hsu, Xi. A portrait of dementia: the symptoms of dementia as a model for exploring complex and fluid subjectivity in portrait-painting. Wollongong, New South Wales: University of Wollongong. 2014 [9 November 2021]. (原始内容存档于22 March 2015).
- Iacobuzio, Ted. Amherst Student, 1974 June 6, Commencement issue. Amherst Student (Amherst College). 6 June 1974 [1 December 2021]. (原始内容存档于30 November 2020) –通过Amherst College Digital Collections.
- Jackson, Antonio; Blair, Raymond. Amherst Student, 1974 October 14. Amherst Student (Amherst College). 14 October 1974 [1 December 2021]. (原始内容存档于17 January 2021) –通过Amherst College Digital Collections.
- McLean, Thomas J. Animated Shorts Long on Talent in Oscar Race. Variety. 4 February 2020. (原始内容存档于12 August 2021).
- Millin, Leslie. Idols of the eye. Queen's Quarterly. Summer 2007 [27 March 2022] –通过Gale Academic OneFile.
- Artist paints his struggle with Alzheimer's. NBC. 11 March 2006 [13 September 2021]. (原始内容存档于13 September 2021).
- Review: William Utermohlen (1933–2007); Retrospective. New Statesman. 3 May 2012 [4 September 2021]. (原始内容存档于9 April 2021).
- Molinsky, Eric. William Utermohlen. Studio 360. 8 June 2007 [23 February 2022]. (原始内容存档于13 June 2021).
- Polini, Patrice. William Utermohlen Exhibit Catalog – The Later Works of William Utermohlen: 1995 to 2000 (PDF). Myriad Pharmaceuticals. 2006 [15 January 2022]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于15 January 2022).
- Politis, Evangeline. An intimate portrait of Alzheimer's disease. Loyola University Chicago. 2016 [14 October 2021]. (原始内容存档于14 June 2021).
- Purcell, Andrew. How an Artist Painted His Decline Into Alzheimer's. New Scientist, published by Gizmodo. 31 January 2012 [1 November 2021]. (原始内容存档于1 November 2021).
- Soricelli, Rhonda L. Commentary: Academic Medicine. Association of American Medical Colleges. November 2006 [11 August 2021]. (原始内容存档于11 August 2021).
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被忽略 (帮助) - Thometz, Kristen. Arts Program Engages Alzheimer's Patients, Caregivers. WTTW. 16 May 2016 [24 February 2022]. (原始内容存档于13 May 2021).
- William Utermohlen; The Times. The Times. 1 May 2007 [5 October 2021]. (原始内容存档于6 October 2021).
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- William Charles Utermohlen personal appointments. UK Government. [4 December 2021]. (原始内容存档于4 December 2021).
- Utermohlen, Patricia; Polini, Patrice; Boicos, Chris. The Works of William Utermohlen — 1955 to 2000 (PDF). 2008 [19 August 2021]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于19 August 2021).
- Utermohlen, Patricia. Dante Cycle: 1964–1966. www.williamutermohlen.org. 2006c [22 August 2021]. (原始内容存档于30 January 2021).
- Utermohlen, Patricia. Synagogue St John's Wood. www.williamutermohlen.org. 2006d [9 October 2021]. (原始内容存档于28 January 2021).
- Utermohlen, Patricia. Mythologies and the Sea. www.williamutermohlen.org. 2006g [23 August 2021]. (原始内容存档于28 February 2021).
- Utermohlen, Patricia. Portraits. www.williamutermohlen.org. 2006i [24 October 2021]. (原始内容存档于1 February 2021).
- Utermohlen, Patricia. Nude Paintings. www.williamutermohlen.org. 2006j [24 October 2021]. (原始内容存档于21 December 2020).
- William Utermohlen (1933–2007) – Retrospective; Wall Street Journal Magazine. The Wall Street Journal. 19 April 2012 [26 September 2021]. (原始内容存档于26 September 2021).
期刊
- Cook-Deegan, Robert. Progress Against Alzheimer’s Disease?. Issues in Science and Technology. 2018,. 35, No. 1. JSTOR 26594289.
- Crutch, Sebastian J.; Isaacs, Ron; Rossor, Martin N. Some workmen can blame their tools: artistic change in an individual with Alzheimer's disease. The Lancet. 30 June 2001, 357 (9274): 2129–33. PMID 11445128. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)05187-4.
- Forsythe, Alex; Williams, Tasmin; Reilly, Ronan G. What Paint Can Tell Us. Neuropsychology (American Psychological Association). January 2017, 31 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1037/neu0000303.
- Frei, Judith; Alvarez, Sarah E.; Alexander, Michelle B. Ways of Seeing: Using the Visual Arts in Nursing Education. Journal of Nursing Education. December 2010, 49 (12): 672–676. doi:10.3928/01484834-20100831-04.
- Annual Report (Harvard University Art Museums) No. 2005/2006. Harvard Art Museums (The President and Fellows of Harvard College). 2005. JSTOR 4301690.
- van Buren, Benjamin; Bromberger, Bianca; Potts, Daniel; Miller, Bruce; Chatterjee, Anjan. Changes in Painting Styles of Two Artists With Alzheimer’s Disease. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts (Educational Publishing Foundation). February 2013, 7 (1). doi:10.1037/a0029332.
书籍
- Bradley, Ronald J.; Harris, R. Adron; Jenner, Peter; Rose, F. Clifford. The Neurobiology of Painting: International Review of Neurobiology. Boston: Elsevier. 19 May 2006 [2022-04-05]. ISBN 978-0-08-046361-2. (原始内容存档于2022-05-07) (英语).
- Baldwin, Clive; Capstick, Andrea. Tom Kitwood On Dementia: A Reader And Critical Commentary. Maidenhead, Berkshire New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. 1 October 2007 [2022-04-05]. ISBN 978-0-335-22271-1. (原始内容存档于2022-04-05) (英语).
- Davenhill, Rachael. Looking into Later Life. Place of publication not known: Taylor and Francis. 8 October 2018. ISBN 978-0-429-91582-6.
- Gilhooly, Kenneth J.; Gilhooly, Mary L. M. Aging and Creativity. London: Elsevier. August 2021. ISBN 978-0-128-16615-4 (英语).
- Lock, Margaret. The Alzheimer Conundrum – Entanglements of Dementia and Aging. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 20 October 2015. ISBN 978-0-691-16847-0 (英语).
- Mackowiak, Philip A. Patients as Art; Forty Thousand Years of Medical History in Drawings, Paintings, and Sculpture. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 29 November 2018. ISBN 978-0-190-85823-0.
- Swinnen, Aagje. Popularizing Dementia; Public Expressions and Representations of Forgetfulness. Bielefeld: transcript. 2015. ISBN 978-3-839-42710-1.
- Tulle, Emmanuelle. Old Age and Agency. New York, N. Y.: Nova Science. 2004. ISBN 978-1-590-33884-1 (英语).