File:The Humble Administrator's Garden, Suzhou, China (37825378061).jpg
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摘要
描述The Humble Administrator's Garden, Suzhou, China (37825378061).jpg |
The Humble Administrator's Garden is a Chinese garden in Suzhou, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most famous of the gardens of Suzhou. At 78 mu (亩) (5.2 ha; 13 acres), it is the largest garden in Suzhou and is considered by some to be the finest garden in all of southern China. On the garden's site was first built a garden during the Shaoxing period (1131-1162) of the Southern Song Dynasty. Afterwards it changed ownership, and was destroyed or modified continually. It was the residence and garden of Lu Guimeng, a Tang Dynasty scholar. Later in the Yuan Dynasty it became the Dahong Temple's garden. In 1513, Wang Xiancheng, an Imperial Envoy and poet of the Ming Dynasty, created a garden on the site of the dilapidated Dahong Temple which had been burnt during the Ming conquest. In 1510, he retired to his native home of Suzhou on the occasion of his father's death. He had experienced a tumultuous official life punctuated by various demotions and promotions, and gave up his last official post as magistrate of Yongjia county in Zhejiang province, and began to work on the garden. This garden, meant to express his fine taste, received close attention from the renowned artist, Suzhou native, and friend, Wen Zhengming. The garden was named (first evidence around 1517) after a verse by the famous scholar official of the Jin Dynasty, Pan Yue, in his prose, An Idle Life, "I enjoy a carefree life by planting trees and building my own house...I irrigate my garden and grow vegetables for me to eat...such a life suits a retired official like me well".[4] This verse symbolized Wang's desire to retire from politics and adopt a hermit's life in the manner of Tao Yuanming. In the Xianju rhyme-prose, he writes 'This is the way of ruling for an unsuccessful politician'. It took 16 years until 1526 to complete. Wen Zhenming wrote an essay Notes of Wang's Humble Administrator's Garden, and painted Landscapes of the Humble Administrator's Garden in 1533 including 31 paintings and poems to commemorate the garden. Wen produced a second album of eight leaves showing sites in the garden in 1551, with different views but the same poems as in 1533. Wang's son lost the garden to pay gambling debts, and it has changed hands many times since. In 1631 the eastern garden was divided from the rest and purchased by Wang Xinyi, Vice Minister of the Justice Board. He added many modifications over the next four years, finishing work in 1635. After completion it was renamed Dwelling Upon Return to the Countryside. The central garden was purchased by Jiang Qi, Governor of Jiangsu in 1738. After extensive renovations he renamed it Garden Rebuilt. In 1860, it became the residence of a Taiping prince, Li Xiucheng, and it was remodelled, and the current aspect of the garden is said to be inherited from this period. Also in 1738 the Western Garden was purchased by Ye Shikuan Chief Histographer, and renamed The Garden of Books. The Garden of Books was purchased by a Suzhou merchant, Zhang Lüqian, in 1877 and renamed The Subsidiary Garden. In 1949 all three parts of the garden were rejoined by the Chinese government and subsequently opened to the public, then restored in 1952. In 1997 the garden was given UNESCO World Heritage status. Cao Xueqin, author of the Dream of the Red Chamber, is supposed to have lived at the garden during his teenage years – around 1735. Among Chinese scholars, it is believed that much of the garden in his novel Dream of the Red Chamber was inspired by the scenery of the Humble Administrator's Garden. The garden contains numerous pavilions and bridges set among a maze of connected pools and islands. It consists of three major parts set about a large lake: the central part (Zhuozheng Yuan), the eastern part (once called Guitianyuanju, Dwelling Upon Return to the Countryside), and a western part (the Supplementary Garden). The house lies in the south of the garden. In total, the garden contains 48 different buildings with 101 tablets, 40 steles, 21 precious old trees, and over 700 Suzhou-style penjing/penzai <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humble_Administrator's_Garden" rel="nofollow">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humble_Administrator%27s_Garden</a> |
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来源 | The Humble Administrator's Garden, Suzhou, China |
作者 | Ray in Manila |
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这幅图片原始出处为Flickr的https://flickr.com/photos/21186555@N07/37825378061 ,作者为Ray in Manila 。经机器人FlickreviewR 2在2019年8月6日审查后确定为采用cc-by-2.0的协议授权使用。 |
2019年8月6日
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摄影器材 简体中文(已转写)
14 10 2017
31°19'31.76"N, 120°37'28.67"E
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当前 | 2019年8月6日 (二) 09:30 | ![]() | 6,013 × 3,325(14.03 MB) | Rudolphous | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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相机制造商 | Canon |
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相机型号 | Canon EOS 650D |
曝光时间 | 1/250秒(0.004) |
光圈值 | f/8 |
感光度(ISO) | 400 |
数据生成日期时间 | 2017年10月14日 (六) 13:53 |
镜头焦距 | 24毫米 |
水平分辨率 | 300 dpi |
垂直分辨率 | 300 dpi |
使用软件 | Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 6.4 (Macintosh) |
文件修改日期时间 | 2017年10月21日 (六) 15:02 |
曝光程序 | 光圈优先 |
Exif版本 | 2.3 |
数字化日期时间 | 2017年10月14日 (六) 13:53 |
APEX快门速度 | 7.965784 |
APEX光圈 | 6 |
APEX曝光补偿 | 0 |
最大光圈 | 3 APEX(f/2.83) |
测光模式 | 多区 |
闪光灯 | 闪光灯未点亮、闪光灯强制关闭 |
数据生成时间厘秒数 | 49 |
色彩空间 | sRGB |
焦平面X分辨率 | 5,798.6577181208 |
焦平面Y分辨率 | 5,788.9447236181 |
焦平面分辨率单位 | 英寸 |
自订图像处理 | 普通处理 |
曝光模式 | 自动曝光 |
白平衡 | 自动白平衡 |
场景拍摄类型 | 标准 |
相机序列号 | 123013012048 |
使用的镜头 | EF-S24mm f/2.8 STM |
元数据最后修改日期 | 2017年10月21日 (六) 23:02 |
评分(满分5分) | 3 |
原始文件唯一ID | xmp.did:c476c550-eb10-46d0-abc8-03a04148ee14 |
关键词 | Shanghai |
IIM版本 | 4 |