卡洛登戰役
卡洛登戰役(Battle of Culloden)1746年4月16日發生於蘇格蘭印威內斯東部的卡洛登原野,對陣雙方是英格蘭王國漢諾威王朝政府軍和宣稱英王所有權的前斯圖亞特王朝支持者詹姆斯黨,最終前者獲勝。該戰役是英國本土最後一次激戰。
卡洛登戰役 | |||||||
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1745年詹姆斯黨叛亂的一部分 | |||||||
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參戰方 | |||||||
大不列顛 |
詹姆士黨 支持: 法蘭西王國 | ||||||
指揮官與領導者 | |||||||
坎伯蘭公爵 奧本馬爾伯爵 約翰·胡斯克 約翰·莫德諾特 亨利·霍利 |
查爾斯·斯圖亞特 喬治·默里 唐納德·卡梅隆 約翰·奧沙利文 約翰·德拉蒙德 詹姆斯·德拉蒙德 | ||||||
兵力 | |||||||
約9000人 16門大砲 |
約5400人 12門大砲 | ||||||
傷亡與損失 | |||||||
約50人死亡 259人受傷[2] |
1500—2000人傷亡[2][3] 376人被俘[2] |
註腳
參考文獻
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- Barthorp, Michael. The Jacobite Rebellions 1689–1745. Men-at-arms series 118. Osprey Publishing. 1982. ISBN 978-0-85045-432-1.
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- Lockhart, George. The Lockhart papers: containing memoirs and commentaries upon the affairs of Scotland from 1702 to 1715 2. London: London, Printed by R. and A. Taylor, for W. Anderson. 1817.
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- Monod, Paul Kleber. Jacobitism and the English People, 1688–1788. Cambridge University Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-521-44793-5.
- Paoletti, Ciro. "The Battle of Culloden: A Pivotal Moment in World History." Journal of Military History 81.1 (2017). pp 187–198.
- Pickering, W. (編). An Old Story Re-told From The "Newcastle Courant". The Rebellion of 1745.. 1881 [2022-05-23]. (原始內容存檔於2022-05-23).
- Pollars, Tony, ed. Culloden: The History and Archaeology of the Last Clan Battle (Pen & Sword Military, 2009)
- Prebble, John. Culloden. Atheneum. 1962.
- Prebble, John. The Lion in the North. Penguin Books. 1973. ISBN 978-0-14-003652-7.
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- Reid, Stuart. Culloden Moor 1746: The Death of the Jacobite Cause. Campaign series 106. Osprey Publishing. 2002. ISBN 978-1-84176-412-2.
- Reid, Stuart. The Scottish Jacobite Army 1745–46. Elite series 149. Osprey Publishing. 2006. ISBN 978-1-84603-073-4.
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- Royle, Trevor. Culloden: Scotland’s Last Battle and the Forging of the British Empire (Abacus, 2017).
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- Thompson, Andrew C. (2011) George II: King and Elector. New Haven, CT / London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11892-6
- Trench, Charles Chevenix (1975) George II. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 0-7139-0481-X
- Film and documentaries
- Watkins, Peter (director/writer). Culloden. BBC. 15 December 1964.
- Culloden: The Jacobites' Last Stand. Battlefield Britain. 2004. BBC.
- 網際網路電影資料庫(IMDb)上《The Battle of Culloden》的資料(英文) (TV movie, BBC, 1964)