维基百科

古埃及数学

概述

古埃及数学是古埃及人发明和使用的数学，使用时间范围在公元前3000年到前300年间，大致从古王国时期一直到托勒密王国开始。古埃及人使用古埃及数字计数，并解决一些数学问题，通常包括乘法（英语：Ancient Egyptian multiplication）和分数问题。关于古埃及数学的佐证都是从稀有的古代纸草书上而来。根据这些纸草书的记载，古埃及人已经有了几何（英语：Egyptian geometry）的知识，例如计算表面积和体积，用于建筑计算，以及代数（英语：Egyptian algebra）的知识，例如盈不足术和一元二次方程。

来源

数字

主条目：埃及数字和埃及分数

埃及数字采用10进制。

埃及数字的圣书体[2]
1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
Z1
V20
V1
M12
D50
I8
C11
 
Slab stela of Old Kingdom Egyptian princess Neferetiabet (dated 2590-2565 BC) from her tomb at Giza, painting on limestone, now in Louvre, France.
一些分数的圣书体[1]
         
Aa13
r
Z2
D22
r
Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1
r
Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1

参看

外部链接

参考

  • Chace, Arnold Buffum. 1927–1929. The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus: Free Translation and Commentary with Selected Photographs, Translations, Transliterations and Literal Translations. 2 vols. Classics in Mathematics Education 8. Oberlin: Mathematical Association of America. (Reprinted Reston: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1979). ISBN 0873531337
  • Clagett, Marshall. 1999. Ancient Egyptian Science: A Source Book. Volume 3: Ancient Egyptian Mathematics. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society 232. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. ISBN 0871692325
  • Couchoud, Sylvia. 1993. Mathématiques égyptiennes: Recherches sur les connaissances mathématiques de l'Égypte pharaonique. Paris: Éditions Le Léopard d'Or
  • Peet, Thomas Eric. 1923. The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, British Museum 10057 and 10058. London: The University Press of Liverpool limited and Hodder & Stoughton limited
  • Robins, R. Gay. 1995. "Mathematics, Astronomy, and Calendars in Pharaonic Egypt". In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, edited by Jack M. Sasson, John R. Baines, Gary Beckman, and Karen S. Rubinson. Vol. 3 of 4 vols. New York: Charles Schribner's Sons. (Reprinted Peabody: Hendrickson Publishers, 2000). 1799–1813
  • Robins, R. Gay, and Charles C. D. Shute. 1987. The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus: An Ancient Egyptian Text. London: British Museum Publications Limited. ISBN 0714109444
  • Struve, Vasilij Vasil'evič, and Boris Aleksandrovič Turaev. 1930. Mathematischer Papyrus des Staatlichen Museums der Schönen Künste in Moskau. Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte der Mathematik; Abteilung A: Quellen 1. Berlin: J. Springer

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Clagett, Marshall Ancient Egyptian Science, A Source Book. Volume Three: Ancient Egyptian Mathematics (Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society) American Philosophical Society. 1999 ISBN 978-0-87169-232-0
  2. ^ Burton, David, The History of Mathematics: An Introduction , McGraw-Hill, 2005, ISBN 978-0-07-305189-5
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