File:ISS029-E-008032 Fires along the Rio Xingu - Brazil.jpg

原始檔案 (4,288 × 2,848 像素,檔案大小:8.76 MB,MIME 類型:image/jpeg


摘要

描述
English: Slash-and-burn forest clearing along the Rio Xingu (Xingu River) in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.


International Space Station InsigniaISS Crew Earth Observations: ISS029-E-8032International Space Station emblem
Identification
Mission ISS029 (Expedition 29)
Roll E
Frame 8032
Country or Geographic Name BRAZIL
Features RIO XINGU, FOREST, AMAZONIA, SMOKE PLUMES
Center Point Latitude -11.8° N
Center Point Longitude -53.6° E
Camera
Camera Tilt 28°
Camera Focal Length 200 mm
Camera Nikon D2Xs
Film 4288 x 2848 pixel CMOS sensor, RGBG imager color filter.
Quality
Percentage of Cloud Cover 0-10%
Nadir What is Nadir?
Date 2011-09-17
Time 20:13:03
Nadir Point Latitude -12.8° N
Nadir Point Longitude -55.1° E
Nadir to Photo Center Direction Northeast
Sun Azimuth 277°
Spacecraft Altitude 205 nautical miles (380 km)
Sun Elevation Angle 19°
Orbit Number 1537
Original image caption
The rain forest of South America, also known as “Amazonia”—the largest such forest on Earth—has been undergoing a continual and accelerated land use conversion process into farmlands (including pasture for livestock) since the early 1960s. This process has typically been achieved by clearing of the forest using fire – “slash and burn” – followed by planting of crops. The generally infertile soils of the region make sustainable farming difficult; this drives more forest conversion into new farmland. The area of clearing can be considerable, and as the deforested regions are easily identifiable and measurable from space the rate of deforestation is likewise easy to track.

This detailed astronaut photograph illustrates slash-and-burn forest clearing along the Xingu River (Rio) in the northeast of the state of Matto Grasso, Brazil. The image was taken from the International Space Station, a platform from which astronauts can take imagery of the Earth from a variety of viewing angles. The perspective of this image allows for a striking visualization of both the horizontal position and extent of the fire lines next to the river, as well as providing a sense of the vertical structure of the smoke plumes due to the viewing angle and shadowing.

Light colored areas within the river channel are sand bars, which show that the river is in its annual low-flow/ low water stage. For a sense of scale, the Xingu River channel within the view is approximately 63 kilometers long. Rivers in Amazonia are its natural highways, which may explain why the burning is occurring right next to the Xingu River, one of Amazonia’s largest. In recent years, preservation has gained traction in the region as a result of such considerations as new valuation of the ecosystem services provided by the forest, concerns about the impact of widespread burning on global climate change, and greater sensitivity to the ethnic and biological heritage of Amazonia.

日期
來源 ISS029-E-8032
作者
  • Expedition 29 Crew
  • Image courtesy of the Image Science & Analysis Laboratory, NASA Johnson Space Center
  • Derivative work including grading, noise removal and hotpixel corrections.: Julian Herzog
其他版本
Public domain
This file is in the public domain in the United States because it was created by the Image Science & Analysis Laboratory, of the NASA Johnson Space Center. NASA copyright policy states that "NASA material is not protected by copyright unless noted". (NASA media use guidelines or Conditions of Use of Astronaut Photographs). Photo source: ISS029-E-008032.

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Satellite photograph illustrating slash-and-burn forest clearing along the Xingu River in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil

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