額我略聖詠
音乐
額我略聖詠[註 1](拉丁語:Cantus Gregorianus)是西方基督教單聲聖詠的主要傳統,是一種單聲部、無伴奏的天主教會宗教音樂。額我略聖詠主要是在第八世紀和第九世紀,法蘭克人到達西歐和中歐期間發展起來,後來繼續有所增加和編寫。通常人們認為是額我略一世發明了額我略聖詠(葛利果即額我略一世),但學者們認為是在後來的加洛林王朝時期,綜合了羅馬聖詠和高盧聖詠而形成。
葛利果聖詠共有8種調式。傳統上,葛利果聖詠由男人或男孩組成的唱詩班在教堂中演唱。
歷史
早期單聲聖詠的發展
在天主教會最初的時期,無伴奏的歌唱就已經是天主教禮儀的一部分。直到1990年代中期,古猶太聖詠對早期基督教儀式和聖詩的影響得到廣泛公認。但這一觀點已不被學者接受,因為分析顯示大部分早期基督教聖詩並沒有歌本,而這些聖詩在公元70年第二聖殿被毀後,已經有數百年未在猶太會堂中演唱了[1]。不過,早期基督宗教儀式卻是融合了猶太儀式的元素,保存在後來的聖詠傳統中。祈禱時刻來源於猶太的禱告時間,「阿們」和「哈利路亞」都來自於希伯來語[2]。
註釋
參考文獻
引用
來源
- Graduale triplex (1979). Tournai: Desclée& Socii. ISBN 978-2-85274-094-5
- Liber usualis (1953). Tournai: Desclée& Socii.
- Apel, Willi. Gregorian Chant. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. 1990. ISBN 0-253-20601-4.
- Crocker, Richard. The Early Medieval Sequence. University of California Press. 1977. ISBN 0-520-02847-3.
- Hiley, David (1990). Chant. In Performance Practice: Music before 1600, Howard Mayer Brown and Stanley Sadie, eds., pp. 37-54. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 978-0-393-02807-2
- Hiley, David. Western Plainchant: A Handbook. Clarendon Press. 1995. ISBN 0-19-816572-2.
- Hoppin, Richard, ed. Anthology of Medieval Music. W. W. Norton & Company. 1978. ISBN 0-393-09080-9.
- Hoppin, Richard. Medieval Music. W. W. Norton & Company. 1978. ISBN 0-393-09090-6.
- Le Mee, Catherine. Chant: The Origins, Form, Practice, and Healing Power of Gregorian Chant. Harmony. 1994. ISBN 0-517-70037-9.
- Mahrt, William P. (2000). Chant. In A Performer's Guide to Medieval Music, Ross Duffin, ed., pp. 1-22. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-33752-8
- McKinnon, James (編). Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Prentice Hall. 1990. ISBN 0-13-036153-4.
- Neuls-Bates, Carol, ed. Women in Music. Boston: Northeastern University Press. 1996. ISBN 1-55553-240-3.
- Parrish, Carl. A Treasury of Early Music. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, Inc. 1986. ISBN 0-486-41088-9.
- Robinson, Ray (編). Choral Music. W.W. Norton & Co. 1978. ISBN 0-393-09062-0.
- Wagner, Peter. (1911) Einführung in die Gregorianischen Melodien. Ein Handbuch der Choralwissenschaft. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel.
- Wilson, David. Music of the Middle Ages. Schirmer Books. 1990. ISBN 0-02-872951-X.
外部連結
- Geoffrey Chew and Richard Rastall: "Notation", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 27 June 2006), (subscription access) (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- sites of abbeys and schola according to the method of Dom Gajard. Gregedit Gregorian Software[1] (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- H. Bewerung: "Gregorian chant", Catholic Encyclopedia, [2] (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Joseph Dyer: "Roman Catholic Church Music", Section VI.1, Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 28 June 2006), (subscription access) (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- David Hiley and Janka Szendrei: "Notation", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 12 June 2006), (subscription access) (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Kenneth Levy: "Plainchant", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed 20 January 2006), (subscription access) (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- William P. Mahrt: "Gregorian Chant as a Paradigm of Sacred Music," Sacred Music, 133.3, pp. 5-14 online at MusicaSacra.com (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- James W. McKinnon: "Christian Church, music of the early", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 11 July 2006), (subscription access) (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Canticum Novum, Lessons on Gregorian Chant: Notation, characteristics, rhythm, modes, the psalmody and scores at https://web.archive.org/web/20060616141014/http://interletras.com/canticum/Eng/index1_Eng.html
- Justine Ward, "The Reform of Church Music," Atlantic Monthly, April 1906 online at Musicasacra.com (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Liber usualis online - MIDI Collection of Traditional Catholic Hymns and chants http://romaaeterna.jp// (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- YouTube上的Gregorian Chant
參見
天主教會彌撒的額我略聖詠 | |
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常用經文 | 垂憐經 | 光榮頌 | 信經 | 聖三頌(包涵迎主曲) | 羔羊頌 | 遣散禮 |
專用經文 | 進堂詠 | 集禱經 | 書信 | 福音前歡呼 | 福音 | 繼抒詠 | 奉獻詠 | 頌謝詞 | 領主詠 | 領聖體後經 |
特殊形式羅馬禮 | 升階經 |