甲癣
趾甲或指甲的真菌感染
甲癣(onychomycosis,tinea unguium)俗称臭甲、灰指甲,泛指受到真菌感染的指甲,通常影响脚趾,但手指甲也有可能出现。两成指甲病是由甲癣所引起。
甲癣 | |
---|---|
受甲癣感染的脚趾 | |
类型 | 真菌病、nail infection[*] |
病因 | 红色毛癣菌、须发癣菌[*]、断发癣菌[*]、絮状表皮癣菌、犬小芽胞菌 |
分类和外部资源 | |
医学专科 | 传染病科、皮肤病学 |
ICD-11 | 1F28.1 |
ICD-10 | B35.1 |
ICD-9-CM | 110.1 |
DiseasesDB | 13125 |
MedlinePlus | 001330 |
eMedicine | derm/300 |
起因
病征
甲癣的病征有:趾甲变形、色变到灰褐色、暗黄色、趾甲变厚而难剪,但甲面变得很薄、很脆;有怪味,会痛。
它常易与单纯的指甲畸形混淆[3],此外指甲银屑病、扁平苔癣、接触性皮炎、甲床肿瘤以及黄甲综合征产生的症状都可能与灰指甲有相似之处,为避免误诊需要实验室检查。[4]
治疗
治疗灰指甲的方法很多,灰指甲大部分是由真菌引起的,治疗灰指甲的药物都是能够消灭指甲真菌的,目前所采用的主要药物和方式是手术拔除指甲、内服药物、外用药物和中医治疗灰指甲。
参考文献
- ^ Gupta AK, Konnikov N, MacDonald P, Rich P, Rodger NW, Edmonds MW, McManus R, Summerbell RC. Prevalence and epidemiology of toenail onychomycosis in diabetic subjects: A multicentre survey. The British Journal of Dermatology. 1998, 139 (4): 665–671. PMID 9892911. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02464.x.
- ^ Gupta AK, Lynde CW, Jain HC, Sibbald RG, Elewski BE, Daniel CR, Watteel GN, Summerbell RC. A higher prevalence of onychomycosis in psoriatics compared with non-psoriatics: A multicentre study. The British Journal of Dermatology. 1997, 136 (5): 786–789. PMID 9205520. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.6771624.x.
- ^ American Academy of Dermatology, Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question, Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation (American Academy of Dermatology), February 2013 [5 December 2013], (原始内容存档于2015-04-10). Which cites:*Roberts DT, Taylor WD, Boyle J. Villa Nail Salon. The British Journal of Dermatology. 2003, 148 (3): 402–410 [2019-03-15]. PMID 12653730. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05242.x. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-08-10).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Westerberg DP, Voyack MJ. Onychomycosis: current trends in diagnosis and treatment.. American Family Physician. Dec 1, 2013, 88 (11): 762–70. PMID 24364524.