橙玄玻璃

橙玄玻璃（英语：Palagonite）是水与化学成分类似于玄武岩的火山玻璃相互作用的变质产物^[1]。橙玄玻璃也可以由水和玄武岩熔岩之间的相互作用产生。水在与热熔岩接触时迅速成蒸汽，熔岩的小碎片与蒸汽发生反应，形成浅色的橙玄玻璃锥体。此种锥体常见于与水接触的玄武岩喷发区域^[2]。例如在加拉帕戈斯群岛的火山碎屑锥就是一个例子。查尔斯达尔文在访问这些岛屿时认识到了这些锥体的起源。橙玄玻璃也可以通过熔岩缓慢风化成形成，风化在岩石表面形成薄的黄橙色外皮。此种过程称为橙玄玻璃化^[3]。

橙玄玻璃土壤是一种浅黄橙色的尘埃，由小至亚微米大小的颗粒混合物组成，通常与较大的熔岩碎片混合。黄橙色颜色代表又3价的氧化铁，嵌入在无晶形基质中^[4]。

橙玄玻璃凝灰岩是一种由碎玄玻璃碎片和较粗的玄武岩块组成的凝灰岩，其基质为橙玄玻璃。由碎玄玻璃碎片和橙玄玻璃基质的复合物称为玻质碎屑岩 ^[5]。

参考文献

^ Stroncik, N.A., Schmincke, HU. Palagonite – a review. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 91, 680–697 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-001-0238-7
^ Bonatti, E. Palagonite, hyaloclastites and alteration of volcanic glass in the ocean. Bull Volcanol 28, 257–269 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02596930
^ Z. Zhou, W. S. Fyfe; Palagonitization of basaltic glass from DSDP Site 335, Leg 37; textures, chemical composition, and mechanism of formation. American Mineralogist 1989;; 74 (9-10): 1045–1053. doi:
^ Rothwell, R.G. (1989). Palagonite. In: Minerals and Mineraloids in Marine Sediments. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1133-8_17
^ Nayudu, Y.R. Palagonite tuffs (hyaloclastites) and the products of post-eruptive processes. Bull Volcanol 27, 391–410 (1964). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02597539

[”Stroncik”-1] Stroncik, N.A., Schmincke, HU. Palagonite – a review. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 91, 680–697 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-001-0238-7

[”Bonatti”-2] Bonatti, E. Palagonite, hyaloclastites and alteration of volcanic glass in the ocean. Bull Volcanol 28, 257–269 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02596930

[”Zhou”-3] Z. Zhou, W. S. Fyfe; Palagonitization of basaltic glass from DSDP Site 335, Leg 37; textures, chemical composition, and mechanism of formation. American Mineralogist 1989;; 74 (9-10): 1045–1053. doi:

[”Rothwell”-4] Rothwell, R.G. (1989). Palagonite. In: Minerals and Mineraloids in Marine Sediments. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1133-8_17

[“Nayudu”-5] Nayudu, Y.R. Palagonite tuffs (hyaloclastites) and the products of post-eruptive processes. Bull Volcanol 27, 391–410 (1964). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02597539

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