梭子蟹总科
梭子蟹总科（学名Portunoidea），是短尾次目（螃蟹）的其中一个总科级的分类阶元，其下包括梭子蟹科及其他科[1][2]，皆为海洋生物[3]。其他文献尚有其他科保留在本总科，但在分子系统发生学分析之后，有可能对现时这些在分类上的争议有变更[1]。
梭子蟹总科
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| 远海梭子蟹 Portunus pelagicus ♂ | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 亚门： | 甲壳亚门 Crustacea |
| 纲： | 软甲纲 Malacostraca |
| 目： | 十足目 Decapoda |
| 亚目： | 腹胚亚目 Pleocyemata |
| 下目： | 短尾下目 Brachyura |
| 派： | 真短尾派 Eubrachyura |
| 亚派： | 异孔亚派 Heterotremata |
| 总科： | 梭子蟹总科 Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815 |
| 科[1] | |
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七个有现生种的科及四个只有化石种的科：详见内文 | |
描述
本总科的成员具有扁平及光滑的头胸甲，而且壳的横向比纵向宽，呈六边形、近似 六边形、矩形，又或鹅卵形。 It is usually widest between the hindmost spines of the forward rim; there may be up to 9 pairs of these spines, with a few smaller ones right above the head, but they are missing altogether in some 物种.[4]
In some, the first 附肢's 腿 (节肢动物) is lobed, forming the characteristic portunid lobe. The chelipeds are usually robust, and in some the last pereiopod pair has ovate dactyls. The sutures of the sternum between segments 4 to 8 are usually incomplete, and in the Portunidae, the eighth sternite is usually visible if seen from below and has a penial groove.[4]
雄蟹的腹体节若不是全自由活动的话，就是其第三节到第五节已融合在一起，但often retaining the sutures though. The first gonopod is strongly curved, with a swollen and strongly hooked base.[4]
分类
梭子蟹总科与扇蟹总科[4]，过往被划归扇蟹总科的六足蟹科及Mathildellidae，在某些分类会划归梭子蟹总科；而在深海生活的怪蟹科一般都会划归梭子蟹总科，但亦有分类把它放在扇蟹总科之下。所有梭子蟹总科的物种均在海洋生活，除了现时已独立成单独总科的毛子蟹科（Trichodactylidae）有部份是在淡水生活。
现时分类
According to the latest synopsis, there are eleven families in the superfamily Portunoidea, four of which are extinct:[1]
- Carcinidae
- Carcineretidae (extinct)
- Catoptridae
- 怪蟹科 Geryonidae
- Lithophylacidae (extinct)
- Longusorbiidae (extinct)
- Macropipidae
- Pirimelidae
- 梭子蟹科 Portunidae
- Psammocarcinidae (extinct)
- 指甲蟹科 Thiidae Dana, 1852：原属黄道蟹总科[2]
参考文献
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Sammy De Grave; N. Dean Pentcheff; Shane T. Ahyong; et al. A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 2009,. Suppl. 21: 1–109 [2012-12-18]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-06-06） （英语）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Joel W. Martin & George E. Davis. An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 2001: 132 pp [2007-09-29]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2006-05-25） （英语）.
- ^ Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815. WoRMS. 2005-05-02 [2019-08-22].
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Hiroaki Karasawa & Carrie E. Schweitzer. A new classification of the Xanthoidea sensu lato (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) based on phylogenetic analysis and traditional systematics and evaluation of all fossil Xanthoidea sensu lato. Contributions to Zoology. 2006, 75 (1/2): 23–73 [2012-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-03）.
