维基百科:引用維基百科
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引用維基百科引用維基百科前的告誡對於任何來源，特別是不為人知的作者，您應該要保持警惕，及如果可能的話，獨立查證維基百科資料的準確性。對於大多數用途，特別是學術用途，維基百科未必是一個可以接受的來源；[1]事實上，有些教授和老師可能會完全抵制以維基百科作為來源的資料。當使用維基百科的資料時请加以查證，這句話尤其正確。 當使用維基百科作為研究計劃的來源時，我們建議您要特別謹慎。維基百科和其他百科全書的正常學術用途是用於取得某問題的一般事實以及蒐集關鍵字、參考文獻和書目指示，但以其本身而言卻不是一個來源。謹記維基百科是一個維基（Wiki），意指世界上任何人都可以編輯條目、刪除正確資料或增加錯誤資料，且讀者未必能夠判別這些資料的準確性。 不過，我們亦有信心維基百科能為其涵蓋的大多數主題提供良好的概述。參見Wikipedia:利用維基百科作研究、利用維基百科作學術用途的告誡和我們的免責聲明頁，以取得更多資訊。 維基是一個特殊的媒體，且本身並不能遵照慣常的書本引文格式。維基不是紙本文件，所以您需要改為使用電子引文格式。確實的格式將依照您所採用的引文指導而定，但是這裡有一些一般原則需要考慮：
範例以下範例假設了您引用維基百科條目Plagiarism，使用提交於2004年7月22日 10:55 UTC的修訂版本，而且您於2004年8月10日查閱該條目，除非特別註明者。 APA格式
注意在APA第5版格式內，以下的規則適用於參考文獻：
對於分段文章，適當的內文引文是 ("Plagiarism," 2004) 或 ("Plagiarism," 2004, para. #) ，如果您直接引用該資料。注意 para. # 代碼頁面內的段落編號，即資訊出現的地方。如果該頁面有多個標題，放置子標題和包含在標題的段落編號的做法亦可接受。 例如，直接引用少於40字的適當內文引文是： "Plagiarism is the use of another person’s work (this could be his or her words, products or ideas) for personal advantage, without proper acknowledgment of the original work" ("Plagiarism," 2004, "Definition," para. 1). 如果該引用資料多於40字，請改為使用塊引用格式。 另一例子，分段文章的適當內文引文是： Plagiarism is stealing the works of others ("Plagiarism," 2004). APA Style requires that you provide a separate reference entry for each term you are citing in your paper because 1) you must provide a URL for each term that goes directly to the term, and 2) you must provide the publication date for each term separately. However, if you are discussing the "online encyclopedia" itself, not a term in the encyclopedia, you might need to reference the site itself. The proper citation of Wikipedia, the site, as referenced in APA 5th Edition Style is:
The in-text citation formation would be (Wikipedia, 2004). MLA格式
Note that MLA style calls for both the date of publication (or its latest update) and the date on which the information was retrieved. According to the most recent edition of the MLA Handbook, there is now information required about any foundation involved. Also note that many schools/institutions slightly change the syntax. Another example:
Be sure to double check the exact syntax your institution requires. For citation of Wikipedia as a site, use:
MHRA格式
Chicago格式以Chicago格式引用：
Note that the Chicago Manual of Style states that "Well-known reference books, such as major dictionaries and encyclopedias, are normally cited in notes rather than bibliographies." CBE/CSE格式
Turabian格式The following are examples of how to cite Wikipedia articles according to A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 6th edition, by Kate L. Turabian (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). ISBN 0226816265 (cloth), ISBN 0226816273 (paper). Note on Turabian style: Please understand that Turabian does not have rules that cover anything like Wikipedia. These examples are based on "reading between the lines" and assimilating rules from various not-so-similar cases that Turabian does cover. If the party to which you are submitting your paper is particularly strict, you might want to find out if they have their own adaptation of Turabian that would apply in this case. Alternately, you could always consult with the party before the deadline to make sure it's acceptable. 註釋1"Endangered Species," in Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia; (Wikimedia Foundation Inc., updated 14 October 2003, 13:19 UTC) [encyclopedia on-line]; available from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered Species; Internet; retrieved 24 October 2006. 2Wikipedia contributors, "Marketing."Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing (Accessed June 27,2007) 參考書目Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation Inc. Updated 14 October 2003, 13:19 UTC. Encyclopedia on-line. Available from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered Species. Internet. Retrieved 5 December 2003.
行文插入參考("Plagiarism," Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia)
(Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, s.v. "Plagiarism") 參考名單Plagiarism. 14 October 2003, 13:19 UTC. In Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation Inc. Encyclopedia on-line. Available from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism. Internet. Retrieved 5 December 2003.
引用到維基百科The Harvard Journal of Law and Technology has adopted the following format for citations to articles in Wikipedia:
Here is an example:
This format derives from Rule 18.2 of the 18th edition of the Bluebook, though the date parenthetical differs slightly. The parenthetical here is designed to specify the exact version of the article to which the author is referring, recognizing that articles can and do change often. The date and time used should correspond exactly to the latest version listed in the article's Wikipedia history page that states the proposition for which you are citing it. Use of GMT conforms to the timestamp format used in those history entries (e.g., use 24-hour notation to avoid AM/PM). BibTeX記錄 @misc{ wiki:###,
author = "Wikipedia",
title = "Plagiarism --- {W}ikipedia{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
year = "2004",
url = "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plagiarism&oldid=5139350",
note = "[Online; accessed 22-July-2004]"
}
When using the LaTeX package url ( @misc{ wiki:###,
author = "Wikipedia",
title = "Plagiarism --- {W}ikipedia{,} The Free Encyclopedia",
year = "2004",
url = "\url{http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plagiarism&oldid=5139350}",
note = "[Online; accessed 22-July-2004]"
}
AMA格式
參見
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参考文献
- ^ Anthropology 333 syllabus from American River College (PDF). [2006-02-07].
Do NOT use Wikipedia or other online or print encyclopedias as a source for your paper.