核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶

現有可用的蛋白結構：
Pfam	結構（旧版） / ECOD
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum（英语：PDBsum）	結構概要
PDB	1aa1, 1aus, 1bwv, 1bxn, 1ej7, 1geh, 1gk8, 1ir1, 1ir2, 1iwa, 1rba, 1rbl, 1rbo, 1rco, 1rcx, 1rld, 1rsc, 1rus, 1rxo, 1svd, 1tel, 1upm, 1upp, 1uw9, 1uwa, 1uzd, 1uzh, 1wdd, 1ykw, 2cwx, 2cxe, 2d69, 2qyg, 2rus, 2v63, 2v67, 2v68, 2v69, 2v6a, 3rub, 4rub, 5rub, 8ruc, 9rub

RuBisCO large chain,
catalytic domain
RuBisCO large chain,; catalytic domain
鑑定
標誌	RuBisCO_large
Pfam	PF00016（旧版）
InterPro（英语：InterPro）	IPR000685
PROSITE（英语：PROSITE）	PDOC00142
SCOP（英语：Structural Classification of Proteins）	3rub / SUPFAM
Pfam
現有可用的蛋白結構：
Pfam	結構（旧版） / ECOD
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum（英语：PDBsum）	結構概要
PDB	1aa1, 1aus, 1bwv, 1bxn, 1ej7, 1geh, 1gk8, 1ir1, 1ir2, 1iwa, 1rba, 1rbl, 1rbo, 1rco, 1rcx, 1rld, 1rsc, 1rus, 1rxo, 1svd, 1tel, 1upm, 1upp, 1uw9, 1uwa, 1uzd, 1uzh, 1wdd, 1ykw, 2cwx, 2cxe, 2d69, 2qyg, 2rus, 2v63, 2v67, 2v68, 2v69, 2v6a, 3rub, 4rub, 5rub, 8ruc, 9rub

Ribulose-bisphosphon ate carboxylase
	图示RuBisCo四级结构的空间填充模型，可以看到以二聚体存在的的主链（灰/白）和小的侧链（蓝/橙）。
命名
系统命名
缩写
识别码
EC編號	4.1.1.39
CAS号	9027-23-0
数据库
IntEnz	IntEnz浏览
BRENDA（英语：BRENDA）	BRENDA入口
ExPASy（英语：ExPASy）	NiceZyme浏览
KEGG	KEGG入口
MetaCyc（英语：MetaCyc）	代谢路径
PRIAM（英语：PRIAM_enzyme-specific_profiles）	概述
PDB	RCSB PDB PDBj PDBe PDBsum
基因本体	AmiGO / EGO
搜索
PMC	相关文献
PubMed	相关文献

1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶／加氧酶（英語：Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase，通常简写为RuBisCO）是一种酶（EC 4.1.1.39），它在光合作用中卡尔文循环裡催化第一个主要的碳固定反应，将大气中游离的二氧化碳转化为生物体内储能分子，比如蔗糖分子。1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶／加氧酶可以催化1,5-二磷酸核酮糖与二氧化碳的羧化反应或与氧气的氧化反应。同时RuBisCO也能使RuBP进入光呼吸途径。

1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶／加氧酶可能是地球上含量最多的蛋白质^[1]。从化学角度来说，它催化核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸（也称为 RuBP）的羧化。^[2]^[3]^[4]

替代的碳固定途径

RuBisCO 在生物学上很重要，因为它催化无机碳进入生物圈的主要化学反应。虽然许多自养的细菌和古菌通过還原性乙醯輔酶A途徑、3-Hydroxypropionate bicycle或還原型檸檬酸循環固定碳，但与 RuBisCO 催化的碳固定相比，这些途径对全球碳固定的贡献相对较小。与 RuBisCO 不同，磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧化酶 (Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) 只能暂时固定碳。RuBisCO 是叶子中最丰富的蛋白质，反映了其重要性，占C3植物可溶性叶蛋白的 50%（占叶总氮的 20-30%）和C4植物可溶性叶蛋白的 30%（占叶总氮的 5-9%）。^[4] 鉴于其在生物圈中的重要作用，作物中 RuBisCO 的基因工程持续受到关注。

RuBisCO, N-terminal domain

鑑定

標誌

RuBisCO_large_N

Pfam

PF02788（旧版）

InterPro（英语：InterPro）

IPR017444

SCOP（英语：Structural Classification of Proteins）

3rub / SUPFAM

現有可用的蛋白結構：
Pfam	結構（旧版） / ECOD
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum（英语：PDBsum）	結構概要
PDB	1aa1, 1aus, 1bwv, 1bxn, 1ej7, 1geh, 1gk8, 1ir1, 1ir2, 1iwa, 1rba, 1rbl, 1rbo, 1rco, 1rcx, 1rld, 1rsc, 1rus, 1rxo, 1svd, 1tel, 1upm, 1upp, 1uw9, 1uwa, 1uzd, 1uzh, 1wdd, 1ykw, 2cwx, 2cxe, 2d69, 2qyg, 2rus, 2v63, 2v67, 2v68, 2v69, 2v6a, 3rub, 4rub, 5rub, 8ruc, 9rub

RuBisCO, small chain

鑑定

標誌

RuBisCO_small

Pfam

PF00101（旧版）

InterPro（英语：InterPro）

IPR000894

SCOP（英语：Structural Classification of Proteins）

3rub / SUPFAM

現有可用的蛋白結構：
Pfam	結構（旧版） / ECOD
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum（英语：PDBsum）	結構概要
PDB	1aa1, 1aus, 1bwv, 1bxn, 1ej7, 1gk8, 1ir1, 1ir2, 1iwa, 1rbl, 1rbo, 1rco, 1rcx, 1rlc, 1rld, 1rsc, 1rxo, 1svd, 1upm, 1upp, 1uw9, 1uwa, 1uzd, 1uzh, 1wdd, 2v63, 2v67, 2v68, 2v69, 2v6a, 3rub, 4rub, 8ruc

参见

参考资料

^ 解開生命之謎：運用量子生物學，揭開生命起源與真相的前衛科學 p143
^ Cooper GM. 10.The Chloroplast Genome. The Cell: A Molecular Approach 2nd. Washington, D.C.: ASM Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-87893-106-4. , one of the subunits of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) is encoded by chloroplast DNA. Rubisco is the critical enzyme that catalyzes the addition of CO₂ to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate during the Calvin cycle. It is also thought to be the single most abundant protein on Earth, so it is noteworthy that one of its subunits is encoded by the chloroplast genome.
^ Dhingra A, Portis AR, Daniell H. Enhanced translation of a chloroplast-expressed RbcS gene restores small subunit levels and photosynthesis in nuclear RbcS antisense plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. April 2004, 101 (16): 6315–6320. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101.6315D. PMC 395966  . PMID 15067115. doi:10.1073/pnas.0400981101  . (Rubisco) is the most prevalent enzyme on this planet, accounting for 30–50% of total soluble protein in the chloroplast;
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Feller U, Anders I, Mae T. Rubiscolytics: fate of Rubisco after its enzymatic function in a cell is terminated. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2008, 59 (7): 1615–1624. PMID 17975207. doi:10.1093/jxb/erm242  .

[1] 解開生命之謎：運用量子生物學，揭開生命起源與真相的前衛科學 p143

[2] Cooper GM. 10.The Chloroplast Genome. The Cell: A Molecular Approach 2nd. Washington, D.C.: ASM Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-87893-106-4. , one of the subunits of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) is encoded by chloroplast DNA. Rubisco is the critical enzyme that catalyzes the addition of CO₂ to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate during the Calvin cycle. It is also thought to be the single most abundant protein on Earth, so it is noteworthy that one of its subunits is encoded by the chloroplast genome.

[Dhingra_2004-3] Dhingra A, Portis AR, Daniell H. Enhanced translation of a chloroplast-expressed RbcS gene restores small subunit levels and photosynthesis in nuclear RbcS antisense plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. April 2004, 101 (16): 6315–6320. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101.6315D. PMC 395966  . PMID 15067115. doi:10.1073/pnas.0400981101  . (Rubisco) is the most prevalent enzyme on this planet, accounting for 30–50% of total soluble protein in the chloroplast;

[Feller_2008-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Feller U, Anders I, Mae T. Rubiscolytics: fate of Rubisco after its enzymatic function in a cell is terminated. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2008, 59 (7): 1615–1624. PMID 17975207. doi:10.1093/jxb/erm242  .

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