5-羟色氨酸
提示：此条目的主题不是血清素（5-羟色胺，5-HT）。5-羟色氨酸（英語：5-Hydroxytryptophan，简称5-HTP），也叫欧西曲坦（INN：oxitriptan），是一种天然的氨基酸代谢中间产物，同时也是血清素与褪黑素的生物合成前体。
| 5-羟色氨酸 | |
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| IUPAC名 2-amino-3- (5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl) propanoic acid | |
| 识别 | |
| CAS号 | 56-69-9 
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| PubChem | 144 |
| ChemSpider | 388413 |
| SMILES |
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| InChI |
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| InChIKey | LDCYZAJDBXYCGN-VIFPVBQEBZ |
| ChEBI | 17780 |
| KEGG | D07339 |
| MeSH | 5-Hydroxytryptophan |
| 性质 | |
| 化学式 | C11H12N2O3 |
| 摩尔质量 | 220.23 g/mol g·mol⁻¹ |
| 密度 | 1.484 g/mL |
| 熔点 | 298-300 °C（571-573 K） |
| 沸点 | 520.6 °C（794 K） |
| 若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。 | |
5-羟色氨酸作为给抑郁症、厌食症及失眠患者服用的膳食补充剂，在美国、英国和加拿大以非处方方式出售；同时也作为治疗重性抑郁障碍的药物在欧洲许多国家销售。[1][2]几个安慰剂双盲临床试验已证明5-HTP有治疗抑郁症的效果[1]，但缺乏极显著性[3]，需要更进一步的临床对照研究[4]。
代谢
在神经组织和肝细胞中[5]，5-羟色氨酸在芳香族L-氨基酸脱羧酶、维生素B6帮助下脱羧生成血清素（5-羟色胺）[6]。 5-羟色氨酸可以穿过血脑屏障[7]，但血清素不能。过量的5-羟色氨酸会被代谢排出体外，体内的维生素B6会促进这种代谢。[8][9]
| 5-HTP | AAAD | 血清素 | |
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药理学
另见
参考文献
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Turner EH, Blackwell AD. 5-Hydroxytryptophan plus SSRIs for interferon-induced depression: synergistic mechanisms for normalizing synaptic serotonin. Medical Hypotheses. 2005, 65 (1): 138–44 [2013-08-14]. PMID 15893130. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2005.01.026. （原始内容存档于2018-10-13）.
- ^ Swiss Pharmaceutical Society. Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory (Book with CD-ROM). Boca Raton: Medpharm Scientific Publishers. 2000. ISBN 3-88763-075-0.
- ^ Shaw K, Turner J, Del Mar C. Shaw, Kelly A , 编. Tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan for depression. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Online). 2002, (1): CD003198. PMID 11869656. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003198.
- ^ 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） University of Maryland Medical Center. 2011. Accessed: 9 January 2012.
- ^ Bouchard, S; Bousquet, C; Roberge, AG. Characteristics of dihydroxyphenylalanine/5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase activity in brain and liver of cat. Journal of Neurochemistry. 1981, 37 (3): 781–7. PMID 6974228. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb12555.x.
- ^ Rahman MK, Nagatsu T, Sakurai T, Hori S, Abe M, Matsuda M. Effect of pyridoxal phosphate deficiency on aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase activity with L-DOPA and L-5-hydroxytryptophan as substrates in rats. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 1982, 32 (5): 803–11. PMID 6983619. doi:10.1254/jjp.32.803.
- ^ Gomes P, Soares-da-Silva P. L-DOPA transport properties in an immortalised cell line of rat capillary cerebral endothelial cells, RBE 4. Brain Res. 1999, 829 (1–2): 143–150. PMID 18445233. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01387-6.
- ^ Bouchard S, Roberge AG. Biochemical properties and kinetic parameters of dihydroxyphenylalanine--5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase in brain, liver, and adrenals of cat. Can. J. Biochem. 1979, 57 (7): 1014–8. PMID 39668. doi:10.1139/o79-126.
- ^ Amamoto T, Sarai K. On the tryptophan-serotonin metabolism in manic-depressive disorders. Changes in plasma 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels and urinary 5-HIAA excretion following oral loading of L-5HTP in patients with depression. Hiroshima J. Med. Sci. 1976, 25 (2–3): 135–40. PMID 1088369.
- ^ 5-HTP: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions and Warnings - WebMD. [2009-10-05]. （原始内容存档于2009-11-16）.
延伸阅读
- den Boer JA, Westenberg HG. Behavioral, neuroendocrine, and biochemical effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan administration in panic disorder. Psychiatry Research. 1990, 31 (3): 267–78. PMID 2139731. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(90)90096-N.
- Angst J, Woggon B, Schoepf J. The treatment of depression with L-5-hydroxytryptophan versus imipramine. Results of two open and one double-blind study. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten. 1977, 224 (2): 175–86. PMID 336002.
- article at Psychology Today
- Turner EH, Loftis JM, Blackwell AD. Serotonin a la carte: supplementation with the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan. Pharmacol. Ther. 2006, 109 (3): 325–38. PMID 16023217. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.06.004.
- 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) Supplement Information（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） at University of Maryland Medical Center