2020年印度農業法案

2020年印度农业法案 ^[1]^[2]是印度议会于2020年9月通過的三项法案。2020年9月17日，人民院率先批准這些法案，2020年9月20日，联邦院批准這些法案^[3]。 2020年9月27日，印度总统拉姆·纳特·科温德簽署這些法案。^[4]

根據2020年印度農業法案，农民可以直接向食品加工商出售農产品，但农民担心這樣會導致農產品價格下跌，從而使得農民都1收入縮水。 ^[5]許多農民不滿該法案，於是2020—2021年印度農民抗議爆發。

2021年1月12日，印度最高法院宣佈暂停实施2020年印度農業法案。 ^[6] 2021年12月1日，2020年印度農業法案被正式废除。 ^[7]

参考文献

^ Farm bills: Are India's new reforms a 'death warrant' for farmers?. BBC News. 23 September 2021 [27 January 2021]. （原始内容存档于2024-04-02）（英国英语）.
^ Farm Bills have potential to represent significant step forward for agriculture reforms in India: IMF. The Hindu. PTI. 15 January 2021 [27 January 2021]. ISSN 0971-751X. （原始内容存档于2021-01-26）（印度英语）.
^ Parliament passes The Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill, 2020 and The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement and Farm Services Bill, 2020. pib.gov.in. [21 December 2020]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-18）.
^ President Kovind gives his assent for 3 farm bills passed by Parliament. mint. 27 September 2020 [6 October 2020]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-09）（英语）.
^ Spindle, Bill; Agarwal, Vibhuti. India Turns to Economic Overhaul as Growth Prospects Slide Amid Coronavirus - Prime Minister Narendra Modi's party pushes through changes to farming and labor regulations. The Wall Street Journal. 2020-10-13 [2024-04-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-19）. In a single swoop, it dismantled a longstanding regulatory system that forced farmers to sell most of their crops through government-approved wholesale markets dominated by traders and middlemen instead of directly to consumers or food processors. The new laws, for example, allow for the first time for many crops to be stored and sold later, eliminating restrictions that contributed to the spoilage of as much as one-third of some crops. ... Government-approved wholesale markets have largely shut or slowed sales as the traders and middlemen who dominate them protest against the prospect of new competition. Small farmers, who suddenly have no place to sell their products until other buyers step up, have also erupted in protest. They fear the government will eventually phase out a system of guaranteed price floors for some crops, leaving them little leverage in dealing directly with large-scale buyers.
^ Supreme Court Stays Implementation of Farm Laws, Sets Up Committee for Talks. The Wire. 12 January 2021 [2021-02-09]. （原始内容存档于12 January 2021）.
^ Suri, Manveena; Mogul, Rhea. India formally repeals controversial farm laws after year of protests. CNN. 2021-12-02 [2021-12-02].

[1] Farm bills: Are India's new reforms a 'death warrant' for farmers?. BBC News. 23 September 2021 [27 January 2021]. （原始内容存档于2024-04-02）（英国英语）.

[2] Farm Bills have potential to represent significant step forward for agriculture reforms in India: IMF. The Hindu. PTI. 15 January 2021 [27 January 2021]. ISSN 0971-751X. （原始内容存档于2021-01-26）（印度英语）.

[:8-3] Parliament passes The Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Bill, 2020 and The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement and Farm Services Bill, 2020. pib.gov.in. [21 December 2020]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-18）.

[4] President Kovind gives his assent for 3 farm bills passed by Parliament. mint. 27 September 2020 [6 October 2020]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-09）（英语）.

[WSJ_2020-10-13-5] Spindle, Bill; Agarwal, Vibhuti. India Turns to Economic Overhaul as Growth Prospects Slide Amid Coronavirus - Prime Minister Narendra Modi's party pushes through changes to farming and labor regulations. The Wall Street Journal. 2020-10-13 [2024-04-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-19）. In a single swoop, it dismantled a longstanding regulatory system that forced farmers to sell most of their crops through government-approved wholesale markets dominated by traders and middlemen instead of directly to consumers or food processors. The new laws, for example, allow for the first time for many crops to be stored and sold later, eliminating restrictions that contributed to the spoilage of as much as one-third of some crops. ... Government-approved wholesale markets have largely shut or slowed sales as the traders and middlemen who dominate them protest against the prospect of new competition. Small farmers, who suddenly have no place to sell their products until other buyers step up, have also erupted in protest. They fear the government will eventually phase out a system of guaranteed price floors for some crops, leaving them little leverage in dealing directly with large-scale buyers.

[:4-6] Supreme Court Stays Implementation of Farm Laws, Sets Up Committee for Talks. The Wire. 12 January 2021 [2021-02-09]. （原始内容存档于12 January 2021）.

[7] Suri, Manveena; Mogul, Rhea. India formally repeals controversial farm laws after year of protests. CNN. 2021-12-02 [2021-12-02].

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]