鹽冰川
鹽冰川(英語:salt glacier)是當上升的底闢突破地球表面時產生的構造 [1] [2]。由於與冰川相比有相似的移動,故被命名為“鹽冰川”
鹽冰川通常主要由岩鹽、硬石膏、石膏和粘土礦物組成。在伊朗扎格羅斯山脈的鹽冰川是岩鹽組成,而德國Lüneburg Kalkberg的鹽冰川由石膏和碳酸鹽礦物組成。古代鹽冰川在德國的晚三疊世和墨西哥灣中新世被發現[3][4]。由於晶體結構,鹽再壓力下能保持相同的密度,而上面的沉積物開始壓縮並變得更密。密度的相差對底層的岩鹽造成浮力。給與岩鹽上升的機制。當底闢上升並刺穿到表面時,岩鹽因重力而在地表流動。[5][6]。
參考文獻
- ^ Fossen, Haakon (2011). Structural Geology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Bierman, Montgomery, Paul, David. Key Concepts in Geomorphology. New York.
- ^ Iran's Salt Glaciers". NASA Earth Observatory. Archived from the original on 2004-02-16. Retrieved 2006-04-27.
- ^ Talbot, C.J.; Rogers, E.A. (1980). "Seasonal movements in a salt glacier in Iran". Science. 208: 395–397. Bibcode:1980Sci...208..395T. doi:10.1126/science.208.4442.395. PMID 17843617.
- ^ Vendeville, B.C. and, Jackson, M.P.A. (1992). "The rise of diapirs during thin-skinned extension". Marine and Petroleum Geology. 9: 331–354. doi:10.1016/0264-8172(92)90047-i.
- ^ Davison, I. (2009). "Faulting and fluid flow through Salt". Journal of the Geological Society, London. 166: 205–216. doi:10.1144/0016-76492008-064.