鮑魚

鲍鱼（英語：abalone、ⁱ/ˈæbəloʊni/或/ˌæbəˈloʊni/；借自西班牙语“abulón”，源自儒姆森语“aulón”）是对软体动物门腹足纲深海白笠目鲍科中任意一种海洋动物的通用俗称。该科曾包含六个属，但现在只包含一个属，即鮑屬（Haliotis）^[1]。目前全世界公认的鲍鱼种类数量在30^[2]到130^[3]个之间，而已描述的物种级分类单元则超过了230个。对该科最全面的统计认为其具有56个有效物种，另有18个亚种^[4]。

在英语中，除了常见的“abalone”之外，鲍鱼一词的其他常用名称还包括“ear shells”、“sea ears”，以及一些现在较为罕见的用法，比如在澳洲部分地区所使用的“muttonfish”或“muttonshells”，英国所使用的“ormer”、南非的“perlemoen”以及新西兰的“pāua”^[5]。

鲍鱼壳具有低而开放的螺旋结构，其特点是壳外缘附近有数个连续的开放呼吸孔。壳的厚内层由珍珠层组成，许多种类的珍珠层都呈虹彩，呈现出一系列强烈而多变的颜色，使鲍鱼壳成为人们的装饰品、珠宝和彩色珍珠母的来源。

鲍鱼肉被广泛认为是一种美味佳肴，在各种菜系文化中，人们都会将其生吃或煮熟食用。

参见

参考文献

^ Gofas, Tran & Bouchet 2014
^ Dauphin et al. 1989，第9頁
^ Cox 1962，第8頁
^ Geiger & Owen 2012^{[页码请求]}
^ Beesley, Ross & Wells 1998^{[页码请求]}

书目

Abbott, R. Tucker; Dance, S. Peter. Compendium of Seashells 4th. Odyssey Publishing. 2000: 19–23. ISBN 978-0-9661720-0-3.
Akimichi, Tomoya. The Enduring Appeal of Abalone. Kikkoman Food Forum. Kikkoman.com. 1999 [16 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于18 August 2014）.
Anon. Abalone Viral Ganglioneuritis. Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. Tasmanian Government. 2014 [16 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于23 August 2014）.
Anon. Abalone Fishing. Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. Tasmanian Government. 2014a [16 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于26 July 2014）.
Anon. Ormering Tides 2014. visitguernsey.com. State of Guernsey Commerce and Employment. 2014b [16 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于19 August 2014）.
Anon. Haliotis kamtschatkana – Jonas, 1845. NatureServe Explorer. 2014c [22 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于26 August 2014）.
Anon. Haliotis refescens – Swainson, 1822. NatureServe Explorer. 2014d [22 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于26 August 2014）.
Anon. Haliotis sorenseni – Bartsch, 1940. NatureServe Explorer. 2014e [22 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于26 August 2014）.
Anon. Haliotis cracherodii – Leach, 1814. NatureServe Explorer. 2014f [22 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于26 August 2014）.
Anon. Distribution Map: Haliotis. Ocean Biogeographic Information System. 2014g [22 August 2014].
Anon. Abalone Information: Introduction. Fishtech. 2012 [16 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于13 November 2007）.
Anon. Six Arrested in Massive Abalone Bust. Mail & Guardian. 11 April 2007 [16 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于19 August 2014）.
Anon. Endangered and Threatened Species; Endangered Status for Black Abalone. Federal Register: The Daily Journal of the United States. 14 January 2009 [22 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于26 August 2014）.
Anon. Submission on Consultation Document on Fisheries Research Services Proposed for 2004/2005 and 2004/08 Statement of Intent Including Output Plan for 2004/5 (PDF). New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries. 2004 [16 August 2014]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于4 March 2016）.
Anon. Endangered and Threatened Species; Endangered Status for White Abalone. Federal Register: The Daily Journal of the United States. 29 May 2001 [22 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于29 July 2014）.
Anon. Illegal Ormering Brings First Underwater Arrest. Park City Daily News (Bowling Green, KY). 15 January 1969.
Beesley, P. L.; Ross, G. J. B.; Wells, A. Mollusca: The Southern Synthesis: An Essential Reference. Melbourne, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. 1998: 667–669. ISBN 978-0-643-05756-2.
Byrne, Maria; Ho, Melanie; Wong, Eunice; Soars, Natalie A.; Selvakumaraswamy, Paulina; Shepard-Brennand, Hannah; Sworjanyn, Symon A.; Davis, Andrew R. Unshelled Abalone and Corrupted Urchins; Development of Marine Calcifiers in a Changing Ocean. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 7 August 2011, 278 (1716): 2376–2383. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 3119014  . PMID 21177689. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2404.
Cox, Keith W. California abalone, family Haliotidae. The Resources Agency of California Department of Fish and Game: Fish Bulletin. 1962, 118. ISSN 6306-2593.
Dauphin, Y.; Cuif, J. P.; Mutvei, H.; Denis, A. Mineralogy, Chemistry and Ultrastructure of the External Shell-layer in Ten Species of Haliotis With Reference to Haliotis tuberculata (Mollusca, Archaeogastropoda). Bulletin of the Geological Institutions of the University of Uppsala. 1989, 15: 7–38. ISSN 0302-2749.
EoL. Haliotis speciosa: Splendid Abalone. Encyclopedia of Life. 2014 [21 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于21 August 2014）.
Freeman, Kylie A. Aquaculture and Related Biological Attributes of Abalone Species in Australia – A Review (PDF) 128. North Beach, WA, Australia: Department of Fisheries. June 2001. ISBN 978-0-7309-8456-6. ISSN 1035-4549. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于19 August 2014）. |journal=被忽略 (帮助)
Gayot, Alain. Maritime Morsels: Fresh Abalone in California. Gayot: The Guide to the Good Life. The Food Paper. 2010 [16 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于19 August 2014）.
Geiger, Daniel L.; Groves, Lindsey T. Review of Fossil Abalone (Gastropoda, Vetigastropoda, Haliotidae) with Comparison to Recent Species. Journal of Paleontology. September 1999, 73 (5): 872–885. Bibcode:1999JPal...73..872G. ISSN 0022-3360. S2CID 87537607. doi:10.1017/S0022336000040713.
Geiger, Daniel L.; Owen, Buzz. Abalone: Worldwide Haliotidae. Hackenheim, Germany: Conchbooks. 2012. ISBN 978-3-9397-6743-5.
Gofas, Serge; Tran, Bastien; Bouchet, Phillippe. WoRms Taxon Details: Haliotis Linnaeus, 1758. WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species). 2014 [16 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于10 October 2014）.
Gustafson, Rick; Rumsey, Scott. Species of Concern: Pinto Abalone Haliotis Kamtschatkana (PDF). NOAA: National Marine Fisheries Service. 1 November 2007 [22 August 2014]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于7 October 2012）.
Hoiberg, Dale H. (编). The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica. 1: A-ak Bayes 15th. Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 1993. ISBN 978-0-85229-961-6. LCCN 2002113989.
Jones, Glenn A. "Quite the Choicest Protein Dish": The Costs of Consuming Seafood in American Restaurants, 1850–2006. Starkey, David J.; Holm, Poul; Barnard, Michaela (编). Oceans Past: Management Insights from the History of Marine Animal Populations. London, UK: Earthscan. 2008. ISBN 978-1-84407-527-0.
Lin, Albert; Meyers, Marc André. Growth and Structure in Abalone Shell. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 15 January 2005, 390 (1–2): 27–41. ISSN 0921-5093. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2004.06.072.
Linnaeus, Carl. Systema Naturæ per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis [The System of Nature Through the Three Kingdoms of Nature, According to Classes, Orders, Genera, Species, With the Characteristics, Differences, Synonyms, and Locations] 1 Decima [10th]. Holmia [Stockholm], Sweden: Laurentii Salvii. 1758 （拉丁语）.
Linnaeus, Carl. Systema Naturæ [The System of Nature]. 1, Part 2 Duodecima [12th]. Holmia [Stockholm], Sweden: Laurentii Salvii. 1767 （拉丁语）.
Loosanoff, Victor L. Abalone. Johnston, Bernard (编). Collier's Encyclopedia. I: A to Ameland 1st. New York, NY: P. F. Collier. 1997.
McDougall, P.T.; Ploss, J.; Tuthill, J. Haliotis kamtschatkana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2006, 2006: e.T61743A12552981 [12 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T61743A12552981.en  .
Neuman, Melissa. Species of Concern: Green Abalone Haliotis fulgens (PDF). NOAA: National Marine Fisheries Service. 10 June 2009 [22 August 2014]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于4 March 2016）.
Neuman, Melissa. Species of Concern: Pink Abalone Haliotis corrugata (PDF). NOAA: National Marine Fisheries Service. 2 November 2007 [22 August 2014]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于4 March 2016）.
Simon, Carol A. Polydora and Dipolydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) Associated With Molluscs on the South Coast of South Africa, With Descriptions of Two New Species. African Invertebrates. 2011, 52 (1): 39–50. Bibcode:2011AfrIn..52...39S. ISSN 1681-5556. doi:10.5733/afin.052.0104  .
Simons, Stefan. Abalone-Zucht in der Bretagne: Sylvains Meerestrüffel [Abalone Farming in Brittany: Sylvain Sea Truffles]. Spiegel Online. 14 April 2010 [16 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于4 February 2014）（德语）.
Smith, G.; Stamm, C.; Petrovic, F. Haliotis cracherodii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2003, 2003: e.T41880A10566196 [12 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2003.RLTS.T41880A10566196.en  . 已忽略未知参数|collaboration= (帮助)
Smookler, Michael. San Mateo County Coast. Arcadia Publishing. 2005. ISBN 978-0-7385-3061-1.
State of California. Title 14, Division 1, Subdivision 1, Chapter 4, Article 1, §29.15 Abalone. Westlaw. 2014 [16 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于4 March 2016）.
State of California. Special Animals (898 Taxa) (PDF). State of California: Division of Fish and Game. January 2011 [22 August 2014]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于24 January 2014）.
State of California. Title 14, Division 1, Subdivision 1, Chapter 4, Article 1, §29.16 Abalone Report Card and Tagging Requirements (FG 2915, See Section 701). Westlaw. 2008 [16 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于25 December 2016）.
Taggart, Stewart. Abalone Farming on a Boat. Wired. 25 January 2002 [16 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于12 June 2022）.
Tran, Bastien; Bouchet, Phillippe. WoRMS Taxon Details: Haliotis corrugata oweni Talmadge, 1966. WoRMS: World Register of Marine Species. 2009 [19 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于17 October 2014）.
Tryon, George W. Jr. Manual of Conchology; Structural and Systematic With Illustrations of the Species (PDF). II: Muricinæ, Purpurinæ. Philadelphia, PA: Academy of Natural Sciences. 1880.
Westaway, Cameron; Norriss, Jeff. Abalone Aquaculture in Western Australia (PDF). Fisheries Management Paper. October 1997, 109. ISSN 0819-4327. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于19 August 2014）.

拓展阅读

Field, Les. Lomawaima, K. Tsianina , 编. Abalone Tales: Collaborative Explorations of Sovereignty and Identity in Native California. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-8223-4233-5.
Geiger, Daniel L.; Poppe, G. T. A Conchological Iconography: The family Haliotidae. Hackenheim Germany: Conchbooks. 2000.
Pollard, Graham. Abalone Fishing in South Australia (PDF). South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal. 2001, 31 (3) [16 August 2014]. 原始内容存档于19 August 2014.