裂褶菌

裂褶菌科裂褶菌属真菌

裂褶菌學名Schizophyllum commune)是裂褶菌屬的一種真菌,為該屬的模式種,在世界各地均有分布[1],常生長於腐木上[2],可能是造成木材腐爛的一種木腐真菌[3]。本種的蕈傘較小,直徑為1—4公分,帶有白色或灰色的小毛,呈疊狀生長,不具有蕈柄[4]蕈褶外形為本種名稱來源[5],自中央呈輻射狀分割,顏色為白色至奶黃色,在乾燥時會破裂。疏水蛋白英语Hydrophobin最早即為自裂褶菌中分離[6]

裂褶菌
科学分类 编辑
界: 真菌界 Fungi
门: 担子菌门 Basidiomycota
纲: 傘菌綱 Agaricomycetes
目: 伞菌目 Agaricales
科: 裂褶菌科 Schizophyllaceae
属: 裂褶菌属 Schizophyllum
种:
裂褶菌 S. commune
二名法
Schizophyllum commune
Fr. (1815)
異名
  • Agaricus alneus L. (1755)
  • Agaricus alneus Reichard (1780)
  • Agaricus multifidus Batsch (1786)
  • Apus alneus (L.) Gray (1821)
  • Merulius alneus (L.) J.F.Gmel. (1792)
  • Merulius alneus (Reichard) Schumach. (1803)
  • Merulius communis (Fr.) Spirin & Zmitr. (2004)
  • Schizophyllum alneum J.Schröt. (1889)
  • Schizophyllum alneum (Reichard) Kuntze (1898)
  • Schizophyllum commune var. multifidum (Batsch) Cooke (1892)
  • Schizophyllum multifidum (Batsch) Fr. (1875)
裂褶菌
查看產生下列表格的真菌學模板
查看產生下列表格的真菌學模板
真菌形态特徵
子實層上有菌褶
無明顯蕈傘
子實層連接方式無規律或無適當分類
缺少蕈柄 裸露
孢印白色
異養腐生真菌 寄生真菌
食用狀況未知

裂褶菌可能為一複合種,包含許多分布範圍較小、尚未被拆分出來的隱存種[7]。本種的基因組已於2010年被完整定序[8]

裂褶菌可食與否尚具爭議,因其體積過小且韌性太強,有學者認為其不適合食用[9]。但墨西哥馬來西亞熱帶地區常有食用本種的紀錄,可能是因軟質的真菌在炎熱、潮濕的地方太易腐爛而難以販售,因而當地更傾向食用裂褶菌等韌性強的蕈類[3][10]

裂褶菌也有感染人類肺部鼻竇致病的紀錄[11][4]

參考文獻

  1. ^ Kuo, M. Schizophyllum commune. Mushroom Expert. 2003 [18 February 2020]. 
  2. ^ Guarro, J; Genéj; Stchigel, Am, Developments in Fungal Taxonomy, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Jul 1999, 12 (3): 454–500, ISSN 0893-8512, PMC 100249 , PMID 10398676, doi:10.1128/CMR.12.3.454 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Takemoto, Shuhei; Nakamura, Hitoshi; Imamura, Yuji; Shimane, Takanori. Schizophyllum commune as a Ubiquitous Plant Parasite. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly: JARQ. 2010, 44 (4): 357–364. doi:10.6090/jarq.44.357. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2012: 131–132. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861. 
  5. ^ Mahajan, Monika. Etymologia: Schizophyllum commune. Emerg. Infect. Dis. March 2022, 28 (3): 725. PMC 8888233 . S2CID 247097577. doi:10.3201/eid2803.211051 . Citing public domain text from the CDC. 
  6. ^ Wessels, Jgh.; De Vries, Omh.; Asgeirsdottir, S. A.; Schuren, Fhj. Hydrophobin Genes Involved in Formation of Aerial Hyphae and Fruit Bodies in Schizophyllum.. The Plant Cell. 1991-08-01, 3 (8): 793–799. ISSN 1040-4651. PMC 160046 . PMID 12324614. doi:10.1105/tpc.3.8.793. 
  7. ^ Taylor, John; Turner, Elizabeth; Townsend, Jeffrey; Dettman, Jeremy; Jacobson, David. Eukaryotic microbes, species recognition and the geographic limits of species: examples from the kingdom Fungi. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 2006, 361 (1475): 1947–1963. PMC 1764934 . PMID 17062413. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1923. 
  8. ^ Robin A Ohm; De Jong, JF; Lugones, LG; Aerts, A; Kothe, E; Stajich, JE; De Vries, RP; Record, E; et al, Genome sequence of the model mushroom Schizophyllum commune, Nature Biotechnology, Jul 2010, 28 (9): 957–63, PMID 20622885, doi:10.1038/nbt.1643  
  9. ^ Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuide. 2006: 139. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1. 
  10. ^ Ruán-Soto, F.; Garibay-Orijel, R.; Cifuentes, J. Process and dynamics of traditional selling of wild edible mushrooms in tropical Mexico. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2006, 2 (1): 3. PMC 1360659 . PMID 16393345. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-2-3 . 
  11. ^ Chowdhary, A; Kathuria, S; Agarwal, K; Meis, JF. Recognizing filamentous basidiomycetes as agents of human disease: A review. Med Mycol. Nov 2014, 52 (8): 782–97. PMID 25202126. doi:10.1093/mmy/myu047 .