沙蝰(学名:Vipera ammodytes)是蝰属的一种毒蛇[3],分布于南欧和巴尔干半岛、中东地区。它是欧洲最危险的一种毒蛇[4]。其种加词来自希腊语,意思是“沙”(ammos)、“穴居者”(dutes),但实际上它更偏好生活在岩石间,而非沙地中[5]

沙蝰
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 爬行綱 Reptilia
目: 有鳞目 Squamata
亚目: 蛇亚目 Serpentes
科: 蝰科 Viperidae
属: 蝰属 Vipera
种:
沙蝰 V. ammodytes
二名法
Vipera ammodytes
異名[2]
  • Coluber Ammodytes Linnaeus, 1758
  • Vipera Illyrica Laurenti, 1768
  • Vipera ammodytes
    Sonnini & Latreille, 1801
  • [Vipera (Echidna)] Ammodytes
    Merrem, 1820
  • Cobra ammodytes Fitzinger, 1826
  • [Pelias] Col[uber]. ammodytes
    F. Boie, 1827
  • Vipera (Rhinechis) Ammodytes
    — Fitzinger, 1843
  • V[ipera]. (Vipera) ammodytes
    Jan, 1863
  • Vipera ammodytes — Eber, 1863
  • Vipera ammodytes
    Boulenger, 1896
  • [Vipera ammodytes] var. steindachneri F. Werner, 1897
  • Vipera ammodytes [ammodytes]
    — Boulenger, 1903
  • Vipera ammodytes ammodytes
    — Zarevsky, 1915
  • Teleovipera ammodytes
    — A.F. Reuss, 1927
  • Vipera ammodytes ammodytes
    Mertens & L. Müller, 1928
  • Rhinaspis illyrica litoralis
    A.F. Reuss, 1935
  • Rhinaspis illyrica velebitensis
    A.F. Reuss, 1935
  • Rhinaspis illyrica f[orma]. melanura A.F. Reuss, 1937
  • Vipera ammodytes ruffoi
    Bruno, 1968
  • Vipera (Rhinaspis) ammodytes ammodytes Obst, 1983
  • Vipera ammodytes
    Golay et al., 1993

分类

它有五个亚种[6],此外一些文献还包含有亚种V. a. ruffoi(Bruno, 1968;分布于意大利阿尔卑斯山区),但大多数学者认为它和V. a. gregorwalineriV. a. ammodytes的异名。V. a. transcaucasiana有时也被视为一个单独的种。[4]

亚种[6] 命名人[6] 分布
V. a. ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) 南欧
V. a. gregorwallneri Sochurek, 1974 南欧
V. a. meridionalis Boulenger, 1903 希腊、土耳其色雷斯
V. a. montandoni Boulenger, 1904 保加利亚和南罗马尼亚
V. a. transcaucasiana Boulenger, 1913 格鲁吉亚和土耳其安娜托利亚

特征

全长可达95 cm(37.5英寸),但一般不超过85 cm(33.5英寸),而且其北方个体明显比南方个体要大。其平均长度在50—70 cm(19.5—27.5英寸)之间。[7]

参考文献

  1. ^ Aram Agasyan; Aziz Avci; Boris Tuniyev; Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic; Petros Lymberakis; Claes Andrén; Dan Cogalniceanu; John Wilkinson; Natalia Ananjeva; Nazan Üzüm; et al. Vipera ammodytes. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN). 2009, 2009: e.T62255A12584303. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T62255A12584303.en. 
  2. ^ McDiarmid, R.W., Campbell, J.A., Touré, T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  3. ^ Street, D. 1979. The Reptiles of Northern and Central Europe. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd. 268 pp. ISBN 0-7134-1374-3.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Mallow, D., Ludwig, D., Nilson, G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.
  5. ^ Gotch, A.F. 1986. Reptiles – Their Latin Names Explained. Poole, UK: Blandford Press. 176 pp. ISBN 0-7137-1704-1.
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758). ITIS. [26 July 2006]. 
  7. ^ Strugariu, A. 2006. The European Horn-Nosed Viper 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期14 October 2013.. VenomousReptiles.org.

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